{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T16:07:29Z","timestamp":1776874049543,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":146,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]],"date-time":"2022-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007129","name":"Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZR2021MF123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZR2021MF123"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007129","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Temperature, salinity, and pressure (TSP) are essential parameters for the ocean. Optical fiber sensors (OFSs) have rapidly come into focus as an ocean detection technology in recent years due to their advantages of electromagnetic interference, light weight, low cost, and no waterproof requirement. In this paper, the most recently developed TSP sensors for single parameter and multi-parameter TSP sensing and measurement based on different OFSs are reviewed. In addition, from the practical point of view, encapsulation methods that protect fibers and maintain the normal operation of OFSs in seawater, and the response time of the OFS, are addressed. Finally, we discuss the prospects and challenges of OFSs used in marine environments and provide some clues for future work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22145363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,19]],"date-time":"2022-07-19T00:19:21Z","timestamp":1658189961000},"page":"5363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Review of Optical Fiber Sensors for Temperature, Salinity, and Pressure Sensing and Measurement in Seawater"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Honglin","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Optics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lihui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jichao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5324-6050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shanshan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optics and Optoelectronics Laboratory, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2018.10.186","article-title":"Fiber optic sensors in ocean observation: A comprehensive review","volume":"179","author":"Kumari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16086","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2016.86","article-title":"Endemic hydrothermal vent species identified in the open ocean seed bank","volume":"1","author":"Gonnella","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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