{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T12:25:22Z","timestamp":1783686322857,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)\u2014Discovery Grant Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the present study, a relatively novel non-destructive testing (NDT) method called the coplanar capacitive sensing technique was applied in order to detect different sizes of rebars in a reinforced concrete (RC) structure. This technique effectively detects changes in the dielectric properties during scanning in various sections of concrete with and without rebars. Numerical simulations were carried out by three-dimensional (3D) finite element modelling (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics software to analyse the impact of the presence of rebars on the electric field generated by the coplanar capacitive probe. In addition, the effect of the presence of a surface defect on the rebar embedded in the concrete slab was demonstrated by the same software for the first time. Experiments were performed on a concrete slab containing rebars, and were compared with FEM results. The results showed that there is a good qualitative agreement between the numerical simulations and experimental results.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22145400","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T03:34:40Z","timestamp":1658374480000},"page":"5400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Experimental Study and FEM Simulations for Detection of Rebars in Concrete Slabs by Coplanar Capacitive Sensing Technique"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0158-0839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farima","family":"Abdollahi-Mamoudan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Universit\u00e9 Laval, 1065 Avenue de la M\u00e9decine, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0198-7439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clemente","family":"Ibarra-Castanedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Universit\u00e9 Laval, 1065 Avenue de la M\u00e9decine, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2609-4773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobin","family":"Filleter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King\u2019s College, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8777-2008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xavier P. V.","family":"Maldague","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Universit\u00e9 Laval, 1065 Avenue de la M\u00e9decine, Qu\u00e9bec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7713","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2020.3044979","article-title":"Capacitance-based technique for detection of reinforcement bars in concrete structures","volume":"21","author":"Abdelhafeez","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cemconres.2010.08.015","article-title":"Non-destructive evaluation of concrete using a capacitive imaging technique: Preliminary modelling and experiments","volume":"40","author":"Yin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cem. Concr. 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