{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T15:32:06Z","timestamp":1775230326733,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":116,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]],"date-time":"2022-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ICT R&amp;D Program of MSIT\/IITP","award":["IITP-2021-0-01816"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2021-0-01816"]}]},{"name":"ICT R&amp;D Program of MSIT\/IITP","award":["2020R1A6A1A03038540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A6A1A03038540"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IITP-2021-0-01816"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2021-0-01816"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1A6A1A03038540"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1A6A1A03038540"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is a programmable device that can be used to control electromagnetic waves propagation by changing the electric and magnetic properties of its surface. Therefore, IRS is considered a smart technology for the sixth generation (6G) of communication networks. In addition, machine learning (ML) techniques are now widely adopted in wireless communication as the computation power of devices has increased. As it is an emerging topic, we provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art on ML, especially on deep learning (DL)-based IRS-enhanced communication. We focus on their operating principles, channel estimation (CE), and the applications of machine learning to IRS-enhanced wireless networks. In addition, we systematically survey existing designs for IRS-enhanced wireless networks. Furthermore, we identify major issues and research opportunities associated with the integration of IRS and other emerging technologies for applications to next-generation wireless communication.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22145405","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T03:34:40Z","timestamp":1658374480000},"page":"5405","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":89,"title":["Machine Learning for Intelligent-Reflecting-Surface-Based Wireless Communication towards 6G: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6323-2613","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Abrar Shakil","family":"Sejan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6792-3825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Habibur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"}]},{"given":"Beom-Sik","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hye","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"}]},{"given":"Young-Hwan","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3274-4982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyoung-Kyu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Convergence Engineering for Intelligent Drone, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30845","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3059488","article-title":"Joint Design of Communication and Sensing for Beyond 5G and 6G Systems","volume":"9","author":"Wild","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Rajatheva, N., Atzeni, I., Bicais, S., Bjornson, E., Bourdoux, A., Buzzi, S., D\u2019Andrea, C., Dore, J.B., Erkucuk, S., and Fuentes, M. 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