{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T07:15:30Z","timestamp":1761808530250,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan","award":["MOST108-2221-E992-083MY2","MOST-110-2221-E992-061-MY2","108-2221-E-027-098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST108-2221-E992-083MY2","MOST-110-2221-E992-061-MY2","108-2221-E-027-098"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this work, a two-dimensional (2D) position-detection device using a single axis magnetic sensor combined with orthogonal gradient coils was designed and fabricated. The sensors used were an induction coil and a GMR spin-valve sensor GF807 from Sensitec Inc. The field profiles generated by the two orthogonal gradient coils were analyzed numerically to achieve the maximum linear range, which corresponded to the detection area of the tracking system. The two coils were driven by 1-kHz sine wave currents with a 90\u00b0 phase difference to generate the fields with uniform gradients along the x- and y-axis in the plane of the tracking stage. The gradient fields were detected by a single-axis sensor incorporated with a digital dual-phase lock-in detector to retrieve the position information. A linearity correction algorithm was used to improve the location accuracy and to extend the linear range for position sensing. The mean positioning error was found to be 0.417 mm, corresponding to the relative error of 0.21% in the working range of 200 mm \u00d7 200 mm, indicating that the proposed tracking system is promising for applications requiring accurate control of the two-dimensional position.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22145459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T22:38:50Z","timestamp":1658443130000},"page":"5459","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Two-Dimensional Position Tracking Using Gradient Magnetic Fields"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2738-0678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuan Thang","family":"Trinh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Hungyen 160000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4405-306X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jen-Tzong","family":"Jeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huu-Thang","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2061-7406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Van Su","family":"Luong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Phenikaa University, Hanoi 12116, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chih-Cheng","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mechatronics Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106344, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2004.827825","article-title":"A real-time articulated human motion tracking using tri-axis inertial\/magnetic sensors package","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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