{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T16:17:54Z","timestamp":1776442674719,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]],"date-time":"2022-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658448000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia \u201cFondo di Ateneo per la Ricerca 2021 Mission Oriented\u201d","award":["FAR2021MISSIONORIENTEDUNIMORE_TRAMARIN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAR2021MISSIONORIENTEDUNIMORE_TRAMARIN"]}]},{"name":"Regione del Veneto-Italy","award":["FAR2021MISSIONORIENTEDUNIMORE_TRAMARIN"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAR2021MISSIONORIENTEDUNIMORE_TRAMARIN"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) paradigm represents a significant leap forward for sensor networks, potentially enabling wide-area and innovative measurement systems. In this scenario, smart sensors might be equipped with novel low-power and long range communication technologies to realize a so-called low-power wide-area network (LPWAN). One of the most popular representative cases is the LoRaWAN (Long Range WAN) network, where nodes are based on the widespread LoRa physical layer, generally optimized to minimize energy consumption, while guaranteeing long-range coverage and low-cost deployment. Additive manufacturing is a further pillar of the IIoT paradigm, and advanced measurement capabilities may be required to monitor significant parameters during the production of artifacts, as well as to evaluate environmental indicators in the deployment site. To this end, this study addresses some specific LoRa-based smart sensors embedded within artifacts during the early stage of the production phase, as well as their behavior once they have been deployed in the final location. An experimental evaluation was carried out considering two different LoRa end-nodes, namely, the Microchip RN2483 LoRa Mote and the Tinovi PM-IO-5-SM LoRaWAN IO Module. The final goal of this research was to assess the effectiveness of the LoRa-based sensor network design, both in terms of suitability for the aforementioned application and, specifically, in terms of energy consumption and long-range operation capabilities. Energy optimization, battery life prediction, and connectivity range evaluation are key aspects in this application context, since, once the sensors are embedded into artifacts, they will no longer be accessible.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22155466","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T22:38:50Z","timestamp":1658443130000},"page":"5466","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["An IoT Measurement System Based on LoRaWAN for Additive Manufacturing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4779-2669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Fedullo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering \u201cEnzo Ferrari\u201d, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Management and Engineering, University of Padova, S. S. Nicola 3, 36100 Vicenza, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5745-0529","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Morato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council of Italy, CNR\u2013IEIIT, Via Gradenigo 6\/B, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5444-6946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Peserico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6\/B, 35100 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Autec s.r.l., Via dei Pomari 65, 36030 Caldogno, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Trevisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consorzio RFX, Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6380-7897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Federico","family":"Tramarin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering \u201cEnzo Ferrari\u201d, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3859-3510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Vitturi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Council of Italy, CNR\u2013IEIIT, Via Gradenigo 6\/B, 35131 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1743-3043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Rovati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Engineering \u201cEnzo Ferrari\u201d, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10, 41125 Modena, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2444095","article-title":"Internet of Things: A Survey on Enabling Technologies, Protocols, and Applications","volume":"17","author":"Guizani","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shafi, U., Mumtaz, R., Garc\u00eda-Nieto, J., Hassan, S.A., Zaidi, S.A.R., and Iqbal, N. (2019). Precision Agriculture Techniques and Practices: From Considerations to Applications. 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