{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,8]],"date-time":"2026-01-08T19:52:10Z","timestamp":1767901930959,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]],"date-time":"2022-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004281","name":"Narodowe Centrum Nauki (NCN)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UMO-2018\/30\/Q\/ST3\/00809"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UMO-2018\/30\/Q\/ST3\/00809"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004281","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, the combination of using an anti-resonant hollow-core fiber (ARHCF), working as a gas absorption cell, and an inexpensive, commercially available watch quartz tuning fork (QTF), acting as a detector in the quartz-enhanced photothermal spectroscopy (QEPTS) sensor configuration is demonstrated. The proof-of-concept experiment involved the detection of methane (CH4) at 1651 nm (6057 cm\u22121). The advantage of the high QTF Q-factor combined with a specially designed low-noise amplifier and additional wavelength modulation spectroscopy with the second harmonic (2f-WMS) method of signal analysis, resulted in achieving a normalized noise-equivalent absorption (NNEA) at the level of 1.34 \u00d7 10\u221210 and 2.04 \u00d7 10\u221211 W cm\u22121 Hz\u22121\/2 for 1 and 100 s of integration time, respectively. Results obtained in that relatively non-complex sensor setup show great potential for further development of cost-optimized and miniaturized gas detectors, taking advantage of the combination of ARHCF-based absorption cells and QTF-aided spectroscopic signal retrieval methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22155504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T04:52:47Z","timestamp":1658724767000},"page":"5504","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Quartz-Enhanced Photothermal Spectroscopy-Based Methane Detection in an Anti-Resonant Hollow-Core Fiber"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9334-9532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Boj\u0119\u015b","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystem, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0627-8874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Pokryszka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystem, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4476-5577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Jaworski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystem, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1831-859X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4962-4549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dakun","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Materials for High Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China"}]},{"given":"Karol","family":"Krzempek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystem, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1080\/05704928.2014.903376","article-title":"A Review of Signal Enhancement and Noise Reduction Techniques for Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy","volume":"49","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. 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