{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T22:54:12Z","timestamp":1774997652107,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Trento for the 35th cycle of the PhD Programme in \u201cAgrifood and Environmental Sciences\u201d","award":["Program Agreement ADP 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Program Agreement ADP 2020"]}]},{"name":"Autonomous Province of Trento","award":["Program Agreement ADP 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Program Agreement ADP 2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Methanol, naturally present in small quantities in the distillation of alcoholic beverages, can lead to serious health problems. When it exceeds a certain concentration, it causes blindness, organ failure, and even death if not recognized in time. Analytical techniques such as chromatography are used to detect dangerous concentrations of methanol, which are very accurate but also expensive, cumbersome, and time-consuming. Therefore, a gas sensor that is inexpensive and portable and capable of distinguishing methanol from ethanol would be very useful. Here, we present a resistive gas sensor, based on tin oxide nanowires, that works in a thermal gradient. By combining responses at various temperatures and using machine learning algorithms (PCA, SVM, LDA), the device can distinguish methanol from ethanol in a wide range of concentrations (1\u2013100 ppm) in both dry air and under different humidity conditions (25\u201375% RH). The proposed sensor, which is small and inexpensive, demonstrates the ability to distinguish methanol from ethanol at different concentrations and could be developed both to detect the adulteration of alcoholic beverages and to quickly recognize methanol poisoning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22155554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:17:27Z","timestamp":1658794647000},"page":"5554","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Nanosensor Based on Thermal Gradient and Machine Learning for the Detection of Methanol Adulteration in Alcoholic Beverages and Methanol Poisoning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4694-4181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Tonezzer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all\u2019Adige, Italy"},{"name":"Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento\/Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all\u2019Adige, Italy"},{"name":"IMEM-CNR, Sede di Trent o-FBK, Via alla Cascata 56\/C, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Bazzanella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento, Povo, 38123 Trento, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0055-9464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavia","family":"Gasperi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all\u2019Adige, Italy"},{"name":"Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento\/Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all\u2019Adige, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5715-9686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franco","family":"Biasioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, via E. Mach 1, 38010 San Michele all\u2019Adige, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-120006745","article-title":"American Academy of Clinical Toxicology practice guidelines on the treatment of methanol poisoning","volume":"40","author":"Barceloux","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brent, J., Megarbane, B., Palmer, R., Hatten, B., and Burkhart, K. (2017). Methanol and Formaldehyde. 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