{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T04:32:07Z","timestamp":1778905927301,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The quality of the drinking water distributed through the networks has become the main concern of most operators. This work focuses on one of the most important variables of the drinking water distribution networks (WDN) that use disinfection, chlorine. This powerful disinfectant must be dosed carefully in order to reduce disinfection byproducts (DBPs). The literature demonstrates researchers\u2019 interest in modelling chlorine decay and using several different approaches. Nevertheless, the full-scale application of these models is far from being a reality in the supervision of water distribution networks. This paper combines the use of validated chlorine prediction models with an intensive study of a large amount of data and its influence on the model\u2019s parameters. These parameters are estimated and validated using data coming from the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) software, a full-scale water distribution system, and using off-line analytics. The result is a powerful methodology for calibrating a chlorine decay model on-line which coherently evolves over time along with the significant variables that influence it.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22155578","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T04:59:16Z","timestamp":1658897956000},"page":"5578","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Chlorine Concentration Modelling and Supervision in Water Distribution Systems"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ramon","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Supervision, Safety and Automatic Control, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Rambla Sant Nebridi 10, 0822 Terrassa, Spain"},{"name":"Sustainability Area, Eurecat, Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Catalunya, Pla\u00e7a de la Ci\u00e8ncia, 2, 08243 Manresa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6446-6331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Torrents","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainability Area, Eurecat, Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Catalunya, Pla\u00e7a de la Ci\u00e8ncia, 2, 08243 Manresa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainability Area, Eurecat, Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Catalunya, Pla\u00e7a de la Ci\u00e8ncia, 2, 08243 Manresa, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Pa\u00efsos Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1192-1430","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergi","family":"Grau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aig\u00fces de Manresa S.A., Plana de l\u2019Om 6, 3r-3a, 08240 Manresa, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Mining, Industrial and ICT Engineering, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya, Av. de les Bases de Manresa, 61-73, 08242 Manresa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Vinardell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainability Area, Eurecat, Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Catalunya, Pla\u00e7a de la Ci\u00e8ncia, 2, 08243 Manresa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ricard","family":"Tom\u00e0s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aig\u00fces de Manresa S.A., Plana de l\u2019Om 6, 3r-3a, 08240 Manresa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Llad\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainability Area, Eurecat, Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Catalunya, Pla\u00e7a de la Ci\u00e8ncia, 2, 08243 Manresa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6112-4558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Jubany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sustainability Area, Eurecat, Centre Tecnol\u00f2gic de Catalunya, Pla\u00e7a de la Ci\u00e8ncia, 2, 08243 Manresa, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsitsifli, S., and Kanakoudis, V. 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