{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T22:27:58Z","timestamp":1780093678476,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korea Institute of Marine Science and Technology Promotion (KIMST)","award":["20170263"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20170263"]}]},{"name":"Korea Institute of Marine Science and Technology Promotion (KIMST)","award":["NRF-2020R1A6A1A03043283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1A6A1A03043283"]}]},{"name":"Korea Institute of Marine Science and Technology Promotion (KIMST)","award":["2020R1F1A1051994"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1F1A1051994"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20170263"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20170263"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2020R1A6A1A03043283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2020R1A6A1A03043283"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020R1F1A1051994"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1F1A1051994"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We developed a single-camera-based near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging device using indocyanine green (ICG) NIR fluorescence contrast agents for image-induced surgery. In general, a fluorescent imaging system that simultaneously provides color and NIR images uses two cameras, which is disadvantageous because it increases the imaging head of the system. Recently, a single-camera-based NIR optical imaging device with quantum efficiency partially extended to the NIR region was developed to overcome this drawback. The system used RGB_NIR filters for camera sensors to provide color and NIR images simultaneously; however, the sensitivity and resolution of the infrared images are reduced by 1\/4, and the exposure time and gain cannot be set individually when acquiring color and NIR images. Thus, to overcome these shortcomings, this study developed a compact fluorescent imaging system that uses a single camera with two complementary metal\u2013oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors. Sensitivity and signal-to-background ratio were measured according to the concentrations of ICG solution, exposure time, and camera gain to evaluate the performance of the imaging system. Consequently, the clinical applicability of the system was confirmed through the toxicity analysis of the light source and in vivo testing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22155597","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T04:59:16Z","timestamp":1658897956000},"page":"5597","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Development of Intraoperative Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging System Using a Dual-CMOS Single Camera"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Janghoon","family":"Choi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Photonic IoT Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute, Gwangju 61007, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun Geun","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Optical Precision Measurement Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute, Gwangju 61007, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyuk-Sang","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoon-Oh","family":"Tak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Photonic IoT Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute, Gwangju 61007, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hyeong Ju","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laser Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin-Chul","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Laser Research Center, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joo Beom","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7939-5428","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youngseok","family":"Seo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"WONTECH Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34028, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin Woo","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioActs Co., Ltd., Incheon 21666, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongdoo","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4499-0803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonghyun","family":"Eom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intelligent Photonic IoT Research Center, Korea Photonics Technology Institute, Gwangju 61007, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.neo.7900071","article-title":"Optical Coherence Tomography: An Emerging Technology for Biomedical Imaging and Optical Biopsy","volume":"2","author":"Fujimoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"041101","DOI":"10.1063\/1.2195024","article-title":"Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine","volume":"77","author":"Xu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Rev. 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