{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,24]],"date-time":"2025-10-24T08:28:20Z","timestamp":1761294500359,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]],"date-time":"2022-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National Science Foundation Material Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC)","award":["DMR-1420620","500000019275","R00EB017729-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-1420620","500000019275","R00EB017729-04"]}]},{"name":"the National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowship","award":["DMR-1420620","500000019275","R00EB017729-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-1420620","500000019275","R00EB017729-04"]}]},{"name":"ASSIST Year 10 NSF Funding","award":["DMR-1420620","500000019275","R00EB017729-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DMR-1420620","500000019275","R00EB017729-04"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The receive sensitivity of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducers (PMUTs) was improved by applying a DC bias during operation. The PMUT receive sensitivity is governed by the voltage piezoelectric coefficient, h31,f. With applied DC biases (up to 15 V) on a 2 \u03bcm PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 film, e31,f increased 1.6 times, permittivity decreased by a factor of 0.6, and the voltage coefficient increased by ~2.5 times. For released PMUT devices, the ultrasound receive sensitivity improved by 2.5 times and the photoacoustic signal improved 1.9 times with 15 V applied DC bias. B-mode photoacoustic imaging experiments showed that with DC bias, the PMUT received clearer photoacoustic signals from pencil leads at 4.3 cm, compared to 3.7 cm without DC bias.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22155614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T03:21:16Z","timestamp":1658978476000},"page":"5614","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Improving PMUT Receive Sensitivity via DC Bias and Piezoelectric Composition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Christopher","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3449-4275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Travis","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ajay","family":"Dangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5053-5896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumit","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1708-9200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoyang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4010-1047","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sri-Rajasekhar","family":"Kothapalli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7267-9281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Trolier-McKinstry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Institute, Penn State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mattiat, O.E. 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