{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T16:08:19Z","timestamp":1778083699288,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research Development Projects to finance excellence","award":["(PFE)-14\/2022-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(PFE)-14\/2022-2024"]}]},{"name":"National Research Development Projects to finance excellence","award":["872172 (TESTBED2)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["872172 (TESTBED2)"]}]},{"name":"National Research Development Projects to finance excellence","award":["777996 (SealedGRID)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["777996 (SealedGRID)"]}]},{"name":"UEFISCDI Romania and MCI","award":["(PFE)-14\/2022-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(PFE)-14\/2022-2024"]}]},{"name":"UEFISCDI Romania and MCI","award":["872172 (TESTBED2)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["872172 (TESTBED2)"]}]},{"name":"UEFISCDI Romania and MCI","award":["777996 (SealedGRID)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["777996 (SealedGRID)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The world is advancing to a new era where a new concept is emerging that deals with \u201cwirelessness\u201d. As we know, renewable energy is the future, and this research studied the integration of both fields that results in a futuristic, powerful, and advanced model of wireless body area networks. Every new emerging technology does have some cons; in this case the issue would be the usage of excess energy by the sensors of the model. Our research is focused on solving this excessive usage of energy to promote the optimization of energy. This research work is aimed to design a power-saving protocol (PSP) for wireless body area networks (WBANs) in electronic health monitoring (EHM). Our proposed power-saving protocol (PSP) supports the early detection of suspicious signs or sporadic elder movements. The protocol focuses on solving the excessive energy consumption by the body attached to IoT devices to maximize the power efficiency (EE) of WBAN. In a WSNs network, the number of sensor nodes (SNs) interact with an aggregator and are equipped with energy harvesting capabilities. The energy optimization for the wireless sensor networks is a vital step and the methodology is completely based on renewable energy resources. Our proposed power-saving protocol is based on AI and DNN architectures with a hidden Markov model to obtain the top and bottom limits of the SN sources and a less computationally challenging suboptimal elucidation. The research also addressed many critical technical problems, such as sensor node hardware configuration and energy conservation. The study performed the simulation using the OMNET++ environment and represent through results the source rate to power critical SNs improves WBAN\u2019s scheme performance in terms of power efficiency of Sporadic Elder Movements (SEM) during various daily operations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22155654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T22:43:26Z","timestamp":1659048206000},"page":"5654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Sensors Energy Optimization for Renewable Energy-Based WBANs on Sporadic Elder Movements"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5940-5799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anand Singh","family":"Rajawat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Sandip University, Nashik 422213, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8411-7630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. B.","family":"Goyal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information Technology, City University, Petaling Jaya 46100, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pardeep","family":"Bedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Galgotias University, Greater Noida 203201, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9925-112X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chaman","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Media and Educational Informatics, Faculty of Informatics, Eotvos Lorand University, 1053 Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2697-2986","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Calin Ovidiu","family":"Safirescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agriculture Sciences and Veterrnary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur No. 3-5, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Traian Candin","family":"Mihaltan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Building Services Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7501204","DOI":"10.1109\/LSENS.2019.2946851","article-title":"Energy-Efficiency Maximization of Self-Sustained Wireless Body Area Sensor Networks","volume":"3","author":"Amjad","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-016-0486-5","article-title":"Maturity Models of Healthcare Information Systems and Technologies: A Literature Review","volume":"40","author":"Rocha","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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