{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,18]],"date-time":"2026-04-18T11:27:40Z","timestamp":1776511660620,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658966400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"2018\u20132019 David Wilson Award for Excellence in Teaching and Learning, Laureate Education Inc.","award":["227601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["227601"]}]},{"name":"2018\u20132019 David Wilson Award for Excellence in Teaching and Learning, Laureate Education Inc.","award":["338079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["338079"]}]},{"name":"Mexican National Council of Science and Technology CONACYT","award":["227601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["227601"]}]},{"name":"Mexican National Council of Science and Technology CONACYT","award":["338079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["338079"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Industry 4.0 involves various areas of engineering such as advanced robotics, Internet of Things, simulation, and augmented reality, which are focused on the development of smart factories. The present work presents the design and application of the methodology for the development of augmented reality applications (MeDARA) using a concrete, pictorial, and abstract approach with the intention of promoting the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of the students within the conceptual framework of educational mechatronics (EMCF). The flight of a drone is presented as a case study, where the concrete level involves the manipulation of the drone in a simulation; the graphic level requires the elaboration of an experiential storyboard that shows the scenes of the student\u2019s interaction with the drone in the concrete level; and finally, the abstract level involves the planning of user stories and acceptance criteria, the computer design of the drone, the mock-ups of the application, the coding in Unity and Android Studio, and its integration to perform unit and acceptance tests. Finally, evidence of the tests is shown to demonstrate the results of the application of the MeDARA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22155664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T22:43:26Z","timestamp":1659048206000},"page":"5664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Methodology for the Development of Augmented Reality Applications: MeDARA. Drone Flight Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9865-3944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco Antonio","family":"Zamora-Antu\u00f1ano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n, Innovaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (CIIDETEC-UVM), Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Quer\u00e9taro 76230, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7095-9984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis F.","family":"Luque-Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n, Innovaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (CIIDETEC-UVM), Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Tlaquepaque 45601, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4618-4004","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam A.","family":"Carlos-Mancilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n, Innovaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (CIIDETEC-UVM), Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Tlaquepaque 45601, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5405-2864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Quesada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Area, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma del Estado de Mexico, Vista Hermosa, Zumpango de Ocampo 55600, Estado de M\u00e9xico, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2455-5572","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ne\u00edn","family":"Farrera-V\u00e1zquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n, Innovaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (CIIDETEC-UVM), Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Tuxtla Guti\u00e9rrez 29056, Chiapas, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8148-3600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roc\u00edo","family":"Carrasco-Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Laboratory on Optimal Design, Devices and Advanced Materials\u2014OPTIMA, Department of Mathematics and Physics, ITESO, Tlaquepaque 45604, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3338-5464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Alberto","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n, Innovaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico (CIIDETEC-UVM), Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Quer\u00e9taro 76230, Quer\u00e9taro, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4299-7083","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yehoshua","family":"Aguilar-Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Computational Sciences and Engineering Area, Centro Universitario de los Valles, Universidad de Guadalajara, Carretera Guadalajara Km 45.5, Ameca 46600, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gunal, M.M. 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