{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T23:48:43Z","timestamp":1771458523920,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659139200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52074064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52074064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["41974028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41974028"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["52074064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52074064"]}]},{"name":"the National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41974028"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41974028"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Step-feature lines are one of the important geometrical elements for drawing the status quo maps of open-pit mines, and the efficient and accurate automatic extraction and updating of step-feature lines is of great significance for open-pit-mine stripping planning and analysis. In this study, an automatic extraction method of step-feature lines in an open-pit mine based on unmanned-aerial-vehicle (UAV) point-cloud data is proposed. The method is mainly used to solve the key problems, such as low accuracy, local-feature-line loss, and the discontinuity of the step-feature-line extraction method. The method first performs the regular raster resampling of the open-pit-mine cloud based on the MLS algorithm, then extracts the step-feature point set by detecting the elevation-gradient change in the resampled point cloud, further traces the step-feature control nodes by the seed-growth tracking algorithm, and finally generates smooth step-feature lines by fitting the space curve to the step-feature control nodes. The results show that the method effectively improves the accuracy of step-feature-line extraction and solves the problems of local-feature-line loss and discontinuity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22155706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T23:49:27Z","timestamp":1659397767000},"page":"5706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Extraction of Step-Feature Lines in Open-Pit Mines Based on UAV Point-Cloud Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yachun","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1711-232X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuwen","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanhua","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Architecture, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liming","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nisha","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Resources & Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2018.03.004","article-title":"Integration of aerial oblique imagery and terrestrial imagery for optimized 3d modeling in urban areas","volume":"139","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"ISPRS J. 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