{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T03:06:42Z","timestamp":1774494402508,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":472,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]],"date-time":"2022-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of South Carolina"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In a dynamic and rapidly changing world, customers\u2019 often conflicting demands have continued to evolve, outstripping the ability of the traditional factory to address modern-day production challenges. To fix these challenges, several manufacturing paradigms have been proposed. Some of these have monikers such as the smart factory, intelligent factory, digital factory, and cloud-based factory. Due to a lack of consensus on general nomenclature, the term Factory of the Future (or Future Factory) has been used in this paper as a collective euphemism for these paradigms. The Factory of the Future constitutes a creative convergence of multiple technologies, techniques, and capabilities that represent a significant change in current production capabilities, models, and practices. Using the semi-narrative research methodology in concert with the snowballing approach, the authors reviewed the open literature to understand the organizing principles behind the most common smart manufacturing paradigms with a view to developing a creative reference that articulates their shared characteristics and features under a collective lingua franca, viz., Factory of the Future. Serving as a review article and a reference monograph, the paper details the meanings, characteristics, technological framework, and applications of the modern factory and its various connotations. Amongst other objectives, it characterizes the next-generation factory and provides an overview of reference architectures\/models that guide their structured development and deployment. Three advanced communication technologies capable of advancing the goals of the Factory of the Future and rapidly scaling advancements in the field are discussed. It was established that next-generation factories would be data rich environments. The realization of their ultimate value would depend on the ability of stakeholders to develop the appropriate infrastructure to extract, store, and process data to support decision making and process optimization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22155834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T02:12:39Z","timestamp":1659665559000},"page":"5834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["A Primer on the Factories of the Future"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0042-9563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noble","family":"Anumbe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29201, USA"},{"name":"McNair Aerospace Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29201, USA"}]},{"given":"Clint","family":"Saidy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29201, USA"},{"name":"McNair Aerospace Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29201, USA"}]},{"given":"Ramy","family":"Harik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29201, USA"},{"name":"McNair Aerospace Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29201, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deane, P.M., and Deane, P.M. (1979). The First Industrial Revolution, Cambridge University Press.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511622090"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"197","article-title":"The first industrial revolution: A guided tour for growth economists","volume":"86","author":"Crafts","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. Econ. Rev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1017\/S1361491610000201","article-title":"Explaining the first Industrial Revolution: Two views","volume":"15","author":"Crafts","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Econ. Hist."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1093\/icc\/7.1.33","article-title":"Causality and the first industrial revolution","volume":"7","author":"Greasley","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ind. Corp. Chang."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1","article-title":"The second industrial revolution, 1870\u20131914","volume":"21945","author":"Mokyr","year":"1998","journal-title":"Stor. dell\u2019Econ. Mond."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2307\/2224131","article-title":"The second industrial revolution","volume":"41","author":"Jevons","year":"1931","journal-title":"Econ. J."},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"1062","article-title":"First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution: Technological differences and the differences in banking and financing of the firms","volume":"2","author":"Agarwal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Saudi J. Humanit. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Janicke, M., and Jacob, K. (2013). A third industrial revolution. Long-Term Governance for Social-Ecological Change, Routledge."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cooper, C., and Kaplinsky, R. (2005). Technology and Development in the Third Industrial Revolution, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203988565"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"2015","article-title":"Towards the third industrial revolution","volume":"6","author":"Heinonen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Finl. Findland Future Res. Cent. FFRC EBook"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2015.45","article-title":"Visual Computing as a Key Enabling Technology for Industrie 4.0 and Industrial Internet","volume":"35","author":"Posada","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Kagermann, H., Wahlster, W., and Helbig, J. (2022, June 05). Securing the Future of German Manufacturing Industry: Recommendations for Implementing the Strategic Initiative Industrie 4.0. Final Report of the Industrie, Available online: https:\/\/www.din.de\/resource\/blob\/76902\/e8cac883f42bf28536e7e8165993f1fd\/recommendations-for-implementing-industry-4-0-data.pdf."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.5430\/ijfr.v9n2p90","article-title":"The fourth industrial revolution: Opportunities and challenges","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Financ. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2018.08.474","article-title":"Digital Twin in manufacturing: A categorical literature review and classification","volume":"51","author":"Kritzinger","year":"2018","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-019-01516-6","article-title":"A six-layer architecture for the digital twin: A manufacturing case study implementation","volume":"31","author":"Redelinghuys","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Intell. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2018.2873186","article-title":"Digital twin in industry: State-of-the-art","volume":"15","author":"Tao","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2017.07.198","article-title":"A review of the roles of digital twin in CPS-based production systems","volume":"11","author":"Negri","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108952","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2998358","article-title":"Digital twin: Enabling technologies, challenges and open research","volume":"8","author":"Fuller","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2018.03.103","article-title":"Digital twin service towards smart manufacturing","volume":"72","author":"Qi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia Cirp"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al Faruque, M.A., Muthirayan, D., Yu, S.Y., and Khargonekar, P.P. (2021, January 1\u20135). Cognitive digital twin for manufacturing systems. Proceedings of the 2021 Design, Automation & Test in Europe Conference & Exhibition (DATE), Grenoble, France.","DOI":"10.23919\/DATE51398.2021.9474166"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120971","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2021.120971","article-title":"Technology mining: Artificial intelligence in manufacturing","volume":"171","author":"Zeba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2730","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2020.1752488","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in manufacturing and logistics systems: Algorithms, applications, and case studies","volume":"58","author":"Chien","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Crandall, D.J. (2022, June 05). Artificial Intelligence and Manufacturing. Smart Factories: Issues of Information Governance, Available online: https:\/\/policyinstitute.iu.edu\/doc\/mpi\/smart-factories.pdf#page=12."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/05695558008974527","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in manufacturing planning and control","volume":"12","author":"Bullers","year":"1980","journal-title":"AIIE Trans."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110804","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4047855","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in advanced manufacturing: Current status and future outlook","volume":"142","author":"Arinez","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1631\/FITEE.1601885","article-title":"Applications of artificial intelligence in intelligent manufacturing: A review","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Inf. Technol. Electron. Eng."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buchmeister, B., Palcic, I., and Ojstersek, R. (2022, June 05). Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing Companies And Broader: An Overview. DAAAM International Scientific Book, Available online: https:\/\/daaam.info\/sc-book-2019.","DOI":"10.2507\/daaam.scibook.2019.07"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mfglet.2018.09.002","article-title":"Industrial Artificial Intelligence for industry 4.0-based manufacturing systems","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Manuf. Lett."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2014.10.032","article-title":"Simulation in manufacturing: Review and challenges","volume":"25","author":"Mourtzis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Cirp"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lugaresi, G., and Matta, A. (2018, January 9\u201312). Real-time simulation in manufacturing systems: Challenges and research directions. Proceedings of the 2018 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), Gothenburg, Sweden.","DOI":"10.1109\/WSC.2018.8632542"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2013.12.007","article-title":"Simulation for manufacturing system design and operation: Literature review and analysis","volume":"33","author":"Negahban","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_32","first-page":"12","article-title":"A well-kept secret? Simulation in manufacturing industry reviewed","volume":"5","author":"Hollocks","year":"1992","journal-title":"Insight"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0967-0661(94)00070-W","article-title":"The impact of simulation in manufacturing decision making","volume":"3","author":"Hollocks","year":"1995","journal-title":"Control Eng. Pract."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Ingemansson, A., Bolmsj\u00f6, G., and Harlin, U. (2002, January 11\u201314). A survey of the use of the discrete-event simulation in manufacturing industry. Proceedings of the 10th International Manufacturing Conference, Singapore."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McGinnis, L.F., and Rose, O. (2017, January 3\u20136). History and perspective of simulation in manufacturing. Proceedings of the 2017 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), Las Vegas, NV, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/WSC.2017.8247801"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.15623\/ijret.2016.0509001","article-title":"Blockchain ready manufacturing supply chain using distributed ledger","volume":"5","author":"Abeyratne","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2018.07.154","article-title":"A case study for Blockchain in manufacturing: \u201cFabRec\u201d: A prototype for peer-to-peer network of manufacturing nodes","volume":"26","author":"Angrish","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2018.05.011","article-title":"Toward a blockchain cloud manufacturing system as a peer to peer distributed network platform","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Robot. Comput.-Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1109\/EMR.2020.2964224","article-title":"Engineering and manufacturing on the blockchain: A systematic review","volume":"48","author":"Kasten","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Eng. Manag. Rev."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ko, T., Lee, J., and Ryu, D. (2018). Blockchain technology and manufacturing industry: Real-time transparency and cost savings. Sustainability, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/su10114274"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohamed, N., and Al-Jaroodi, J. (2019, January 7\u20139). Applying blockchain in industry 4.0 applications. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 9th annual computing and communication workshop and conference (CCWC), Las Vegas, NV, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CCWC.2019.8666558"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2019.106099","article-title":"Understanding big data analytics for manufacturing processes: Insights from literature review and multiple case studies","volume":"137","author":"Belhadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1080\/17517575.2019.1633689","article-title":"Big data analytics for manufacturing internet of things: Opportunities, challenges and enabling technologies","volume":"14","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Enterp. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_44","unstructured":"Sahoo, S. (2021). Big data analytics in manufacturing: A bibliometric analysis of research in the field of business management. Int. J. Prod. Res., 1\u201329."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8551.12355","article-title":"Big data and predictive analytics and manufacturing performance: Integrating institutional theory, resource-based view and big data culture","volume":"30","author":"Dubey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Manag."},{"key":"ref_46","first-page":"13","article-title":"Intelligent development of big data analytics for manufacturing industry in cloud computing","volume":"1","author":"Bashar","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ubiquitous Comput. Commun. Technol. (UCCT)"},{"key":"ref_47","unstructured":"Ong, S.K., and Nee, A.Y.C. (2013). Virtual and Augmented Reality Applications in Manufacturing, Springer Science & Business Media."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ong, S., and Nee, A. (2004). A brief introduction of VR and AR applications in manufacturing. Virtual and Augmented Reality Applications in Manufacturing, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-3873-0"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2021.01.092","article-title":"Engineering changes in manufacturing systems supported by AR\/VR collaboration","volume":"96","author":"Siedler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2018.06.054","article-title":"Testing and validating Extended Reality (xR) technologies in manufacturing","volume":"25","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doolani, S., Wessels, C., Kanal, V., Sevastopoulos, C., Jaiswal, A., Nambiappan, H., and Makedon, F. (2020). A review of extended reality (xr) technologies for manufacturing training. Technologies, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/technologies8040077"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2707","DOI":"10.1080\/00207540601064773","article-title":"Augmented reality applications in manufacturing: A survey","volume":"46","author":"Ong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2012.05.010","article-title":"Augmented reality applications in design and manufacturing","volume":"61","author":"Nee","year":"2012","journal-title":"CIRP Ann."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doil, F., Schreiber, W., Alt, T., and Patron, C. (2003, January 22\u201323). Augmented reality for manufacturing planning. Proceedings of the Workshop on Virtual Environments, Zurich, Switzerland.","DOI":"10.1145\/769953.769962"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goel, R., and Gupta, P. (2020). Robotics and industry 4.0. A Roadmap to Industry 4.0: Smart Production, Sharp Business and Sustainable Development, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-14544-6_9"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bayram, B., and \u0130nce, G. (2018). Advances in Robotics in the Era of Industry 4.0. Industry 4.0: Managing The Digital Transformation, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-57870-5_11"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heyer, C. (2010, January 18\u201322). Human-robot interaction and future industrial robotics applications. Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE\/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Taipei, Taiwan.","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS.2010.5651294"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00e4gele, M., Nilsson, K., Pires, J.N., and Bischoff, R. (2016). Industrial robotics. Springer Handbook of Robotics, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-32552-1_54"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1080\/10426914.2020.1866195","article-title":"Advanced robotics and additive manufacturing of composites: Towards a new era in Industry 4.0","volume":"37","author":"Parmar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mater. Manuf. Process."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tantawi, K.H., Sokolov, A., and Tantawi, O. (2019, January 11\u201313). Advances in industrial robotics: From industry 3.0 automation to industry 4.0 collaboration. Proceedings of the 2019 4th Technology Innovation Management and Engineering Science International Conference (TIMES-iCON), Bangkok, Thailand.","DOI":"10.1109\/TIMES-iCON47539.2019.9024658"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, M., Milojevi\u0107, A., and Handroos, H. (2020). Robotics in manufacturing\u2014The past and the present. Technical, Economic and Societal Effects of Manufacturing 4.0, Palgrave Macmillan.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-46103-4_4"},{"key":"ref_62","unstructured":"Groover, M.P. (2007). Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials, Processes, and Systems, J. Wiley & Sons."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2015.06.141","article-title":"About the importance of autonomy and digital twins for the future of manufacturing","volume":"48","author":"Rosen","year":"2015","journal-title":"IFAC-Papersonline"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pusti\u0161ek, M., Chen, M., Kos, A., and Kos, A. (2022). Decentralized Machine Autonomy for Manufacturing Servitization. Sensors, 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/s22010338"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, H., and From Automation to Autonomy\u2014A new trend for Smart Manufacturing (2022, June 05). DAAAM International Scientific Book. Available online: https:\/\/daaam.info\/sc-book-2013.","DOI":"10.2507\/daaam.scibook.2013.03"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.7736\/KSPE.2014.31.4.287","article-title":"Autonomy for smart manufacturing","volume":"31","author":"Park","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Korean Soc. Precis. Eng."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horvitz, E., and Selman, B. (2012). Interim report from the panel chairs: AAAI Presidential Panel on Long-Term AI Futures. Singularity Hypotheses, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-32560-1_15"},{"key":"ref_68","unstructured":"Pohl, J. (2022, June 05). Artificial Super Intelligence: Extinction or Nirvana. Intern Symposium. Available online: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Jens-Pohl\/publication\/281748315_Artificial_Superintelligence_Extinction_or_Nirvana\/links\/55f723c908aeafc8abfa21ca\/Artificial-Superintelligence-Extinction-or-Nirvana.pdf."},{"key":"ref_69","first-page":"16","article-title":"The Industry 4.0 revolution and the future of Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES)","volume":"3","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Innov. Manag."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"034701","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4034667","article-title":"Industry 4.0 and cloud manufacturing: A comparative analysis","volume":"139","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"1","article-title":"Industry 4.0: A survey on technologies, applications and open research issues","volume":"6","author":"Lu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Ind. Inf. Integr."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thames, L., and Schaefer, D. (2017). Industry 4.0: An overview of key benefits, technologies, and challenges. Cybersecurity for Industry 4.0, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-50660-9_1"},{"key":"ref_73","first-page":"96","article-title":"How smart, connected products are transforming companies","volume":"93","author":"Porter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Harv. Bus. Rev."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.20965\/ijat.2017.p0004","article-title":"\u201cIndustrie 4.0\u201d and smart manufacturing\u2014A review of research issues and application examples","volume":"11","author":"Thoben","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Autom. Technol."},{"key":"ref_75","unstructured":"Kagermann, H., Wahlster, W., and Helbig, J. (2022, June 05). Recommendations for Implementing the Strategic Initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0: Securing the Future of German Manufacturing Industry. Final Report of the Industrie 4.0 Working Group; Technical Report, Forschungsunion. Available online: https:\/\/en.acatech.de\/publication\/recommendations-for-implementing-the-strategic-initiative-industrie-4-0-final-report-of-the-industrie-4-0-working-group\/."},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Henning Kagermann, P.D.W.W., and Helbig, D.J. (2013). Recommendations for Implementing the Strategic Initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0-Final Report of the Industrie 4.0 Working Group, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2016.01.129","article-title":"Opportunities of sustainable manufacturing in industry 4.0","volume":"40","author":"Stock","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia Cirp"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hermann, M., Pentek, T., and Otto, B. (2015). Design Principles for Industrie 4.0 Scenarios: A Literature Review, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dortmund.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2016.488"},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"ten Hompel, M., Vogel-Heuser, B., and Bauernhansl, T. (2014). Chancen von Industrie 4.0 nutzen. Industrie 4.0 in Produktion, Automatisierung und Logistik: Anwendung, Technologien, Springer."},{"key":"ref_80","unstructured":"Bitkom, F.I. (2022, June 05). Industrie 4.0\u2013Volkswirtschaftliches Potenzial f\u00fcr Deutschland. Berlin\/Stuttgart. Available online: https:\/\/www.produktionsarbeit.de\/content\/dam\/produktionsarbeit\/de\/documents\/Studie-Industrie-4-0-Volkswirtschaftliches-Potential-fuer-Deutschland.pdf."},{"key":"ref_81","unstructured":"(2022, June 05). 2017: State of the IIoT-Key Trends and Predictions for the Industrial Internet of Things. Available online: https:\/\/www.opto22.com\/support\/resources-tools\/documents\/2215-white-paper-state-of-the-iiot-2017."},{"key":"ref_82","unstructured":"Bezerra, F., Favacho, C.H., Souza, R., and de Souza, C. (2014, January 6\u20139). Towards supporting systematic mappings studies: An automatic snowballing approach. Proceedings of the Simp\u00f3sio Brasileiro de Banco de Dados (SBBD), Curitiba, Brazil."},{"key":"ref_83","first-page":"33","article-title":"SYMBALS: A systematic review methodology blending active learning and snowballing","volume":"6","author":"Sarhan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Res. Metrics Anal."},{"key":"ref_84","unstructured":"Michael Lyman, R.R., and Wright, O. (2018). Accenture Strategy: Cornerstone of Future Growth: Ecosystems, Accenture. Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.repl.2015.09.004","article-title":"Customization of mass-produced parts by combining injection molding and additive manufacturing with Industry 4.0 technologies","volume":"60","author":"Gaub","year":"2016","journal-title":"Reinf. Plast."},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"37","article-title":"Reconfigurable manufacturing system\u2013a new class of manufacturing system","volume":"10","author":"Prasad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Manag. Prod. Eng. Rev."},{"key":"ref_87","unstructured":"Koren, Y. (2005, January 10). Reconfigurable manufacturing and beyond. Proceedings of the CIRP 3rd International Conference on Reconfigurable Manufacturing, Ann Arbor, MI, USA."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pansare, R., Yadav, G., and Nagare, M.R. (2021). Reconfigurable manufacturing system: A systematic review, meta-analysis and future research directions. J. Eng. Des. Technol.","DOI":"10.1108\/JEDT-05-2021-0231"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008930403506","article-title":"Reconfigurable manufacturing systems: Key to future manufacturing","volume":"11","author":"Mehrabi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Intell. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1080\/00207540600905646","article-title":"Reconfigurable manufacturing systems: The state of the art","volume":"46","author":"Bi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-8506(07)63232-6","article-title":"Reconfigurable manufacturing systems","volume":"48","author":"Koren","year":"1999","journal-title":"CIRP Ann."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10696-006-9028-7","article-title":"Flexible and reconfigurable manufacturing systems paradigms","volume":"17","author":"ElMaraghy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int. J. Flex. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_93","unstructured":"Shivanand, H. (2006). Flexible Manufacturing System, New Age International."},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"114","article-title":"Classification of flexible manufacturing systems","volume":"2","author":"Browne","year":"1984","journal-title":"FMS Mag."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2017.1387302","article-title":"Modelling of flexible manufacturing system: A review","volume":"56","author":"Yadav","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1080\/00207549308956726","article-title":"A new classification scheme for flexible manufacturing systems","volume":"31","author":"MacCarthy","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1080\/00207549108930103","article-title":"Selecting a flexible manufacturing system using multiple criteria analysis","volume":"29","author":"Stam","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Florescu, A., and Barabas, S.A. (2020). Modeling and simulation of a flexible manufacturing system\u2014A basic component of industry 4.0. Appl. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/app10228300"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2005.04.002","article-title":"A methodology for creating a virtual model for a flexible manufacturing system","volume":"56","author":"Park","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comput. Ind."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greenwood, N.R. (1988). Implementing Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-07959-9"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6917","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2016.1192302","article-title":"Distributed manufacturing: Scope, challenges and opportunities","volume":"54","author":"Srai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2008.09.005","article-title":"Agent-based distributed manufacturing control: A state-of-the-art survey","volume":"22","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021097912698","article-title":"Distributed manufacturing execution systems: A workflow perspective","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Intell. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_104","first-page":"185","article-title":"Distributed manufacturing network models of smart and agile mini-factories","volume":"10","author":"Rauch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Agil. Syst. Manag."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2011.07.002","article-title":"From cloud computing to cloud manufacturing","volume":"28","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Robot. Comput.-Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1080\/0951192X.2014.902105","article-title":"Cloud manufacturing: Key characteristics and applications","volume":"30","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1080\/17517575.2013.839055","article-title":"Cloud manufacturing: From concept to practice","volume":"9","author":"Ren","year":"2015","journal-title":"Enterp. Inf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, W., and Mehnen, J. (2013). Cloud Manufacturing: Distributed Computing Technologies for Global and Sustainable Manufacturing, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-4935-4"},{"key":"ref_109","first-page":"347","article-title":"Cloud manufacturing\u2013a critical review of recent development and future trends","volume":"30","author":"Adamson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1080\/0951192X.2013.874595","article-title":"A state-of-the-art survey of cloud manufacturing","volume":"28","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_111","first-page":"28","article-title":"Smart factory for industry 4.0: A review","volume":"7","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mod. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2019.08.011","article-title":"The smart factory as a key construct of industry 4.0: A systematic literature review","volume":"221","author":"Osterrieder","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lucke, D., Constantinescu, C., and Westk\u00e4mper, E. (2008). Smart factory-a step towards the next generation of manufacturing. Manufacturing Systems and Technologies for the New Frontier, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84800-267-8_23"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2015.12.017","article-title":"Towards smart factory for industry 4.0: A self-organized multi-agent system with big data based feedback and coordination","volume":"101","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2014.03.108","article-title":"The smart factory: Exploring adaptive and flexible manufacturing solutions","volume":"69","author":"Radziwon","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1002\/sres.2704","article-title":"Smart factory in Industry 4.0","volume":"37","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Syst. Res. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2016.09.351","article-title":"Designing intelligent factory: Conceptual framework and empirical validation","volume":"96","author":"Shafiq","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70891","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2919340","article-title":"The intelligent factory space\u2013a concept for observing, learning and communicating in the digitalized factory","volume":"7","author":"Reimann","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_119","first-page":"44","article-title":"Development strategy for intelligent factory in discrete manufacturing","volume":"20","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Strateg. Study Chin. Acad. Eng."},{"key":"ref_120","unstructured":"Larrabee, G.B. (1991, January 20\u201322). The intelligent microelectronics factory of the future. Proceedings of the 1991 Proceedings IEEE\/SEMI International Semiconductor Manufacturing Science Symposium, Burlingame, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erdogan, S., and Wahab, A. (1992, January 11\u201314). A Family of Reconfigurable Neurocomputers For The \u201cIntelligent Factory\u201d. Proceedings of the IEEE International Workshop on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.1992.683282"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2005.01.008","article-title":"The Digital Factory between vision and reality","volume":"56","author":"Bracht","year":"2005","journal-title":"Comput. Ind."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuhn, W. (2006, January 3\u20136). Digital factory-simulation enhancing the product and production engineering process. Proceedings of the 2006 Winter Simulation Conference, Monterey, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/WSC.2006.322972"},{"key":"ref_124","unstructured":"Worn, H., Frey, D., and Keitel, J. (2000, January 22\u201328). Digital factory-planning and running enterprises of the future. Proceedings of the 2000 26th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IECON 2000. 2000 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Electronics, Control and Instrumentation. 21st Century Technologies, Nagoya, Japan."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.datak.2016.02.004","article-title":"Digital factory system for dynamic manufacturing network supporting networked collaborative product development","volume":"105","author":"Tchoffa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Data Knowl. Eng."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gregor, M., and Medvecky, S. (2010). Digital factory\u2013theory and practice. Engineering the Future, IntechOpen.","DOI":"10.5772\/10380"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1007\/s00287-015-0891-z","article-title":"Smart factory systems","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Informatik-Spektrum"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mabkhot, M.M., Al-Ahmari, A.M., Salah, B., and Alkhalefah, H. (2018). Requirements of the smart factory system: A survey and perspective. Machines, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/machines6020023"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcontrol.2019.02.002","article-title":"Challenges for the cyber-physical manufacturing enterprises of the future","volume":"47","author":"Panetto","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Control"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2017.03.166","article-title":"The framework of business model in the context of Industrial Internet of Things","volume":"182","author":"Gierej","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Eng."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6979984","article-title":"6TiSCH: Deterministic IP-enabled industrial internet (of things)","volume":"52","author":"Dujovne","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2020.05.001","article-title":"Semantic communications between distributed cyber-physical systems towards collaborative automation for smart manufacturing","volume":"55","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wong, G., Greenhalgh, T., Westhorp, G., Buckingham, J., and Pawson, R. (2013). RAMESES publication standards: Realist syntheses. BMC Med., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-21"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2016.10.059","article-title":"A cyber-physical system architecture in shop floor for intelligent manufacturing","volume":"56","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia Cirp"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2017.1351644","article-title":"Smart manufacturing","volume":"56","author":"Kusiak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1080\/0951192X.2014.900874","article-title":"Real-time information capturing and integration framework of the internet of manufacturing things","volume":"28","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2017.04.004","article-title":"Cyber-physical manufacturing cloud: Architecture, virtualization, communication, and testbed","volume":"43","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K\u00fchnle, H., and Bitsch, G. (2015). Smart manufacturing units. Foundations & Principles of Distributed Manufacturing, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-18078-6"},{"key":"ref_139","unstructured":"Davis, J. (2022, June 05). Cyberinfrastructure in Chemical and Biological Process Systems: Impact and Directions. Proc. NSF Workshop Rep, Available online: https:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/awardsearch\/showAward?AWDID=0645024HistoricalAwards=false."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baldwin, C.Y., Clark, K.B., and Clark, K.B. (2000). Design Rules: The Power of Modularity, MIT Press.","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/2366.001.0001"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1007\/s13198-017-0610-z","article-title":"Reconfigurable manufacturing systems: Journey and the road ahead","volume":"8","author":"Singh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Syst. Assur. Eng. Manag."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-014-5674-1","article-title":"A review on artificial intelligence applications to the optimal design of dedicated and reconfigurable manufacturing systems","volume":"72","author":"Renzi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s40436-017-0204-7","article-title":"Industry 4.0: A way from mass customization to mass personalization production","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pech, M., and Vrchota, J. (2022). The Product Customization Process in Relation to Industry 4.0 and Digitalization. Processes, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/pr10030539"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aci.2018.05.004","article-title":"Customer relationship management and big data enabled: Personalization & customization of services","volume":"15","author":"Anshari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Comput. Inform."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-014-0334-4","article-title":"Industry 4.0","volume":"6","author":"Lasi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13195","DOI":"10.5465\/AMBPP.2017.13195abstract","article-title":"Manufacturing Flexibility, Business Model Design, and Firm Performance","volume":"Volume 2017","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Academy of Management Proceedings"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2016.08.005","article-title":"A categorical framework of manufacturing for industry 4.0 and beyond","volume":"52","author":"Qin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia Cirp"},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2015.04.008","article-title":"Current status and advancement of cyber-physical systems in manufacturing","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2011.02.004","article-title":"Factory templates for digital factories framework","volume":"27","author":"Azevedo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Robot. Comput.-Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, F., Azevedo, A., Faria, J., and Rojas, E. (2014). Virtual enterprise process management: An application to industrial maintenance. Working Conference on Virtual Enterprises, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-662-44745-1_7"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3159805","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3159805","article-title":"Implementing smart factory of industrie 4.0: An outlook","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Sens. Netw."},{"key":"ref_153","unstructured":"Morris, E., Levine, L., Meyers, C., Place, P., and Plakosh, D. (2022, June 05). Systems of Systems Interoperability. SEI, Carnegie Mellon University, USA, Available online: https:\/\/resources.sei.cmu.edu\/library\/asset-view.cfm?assetid=7045."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2007.12.012","article-title":"Interoperability in Collaborative Networks: Independent and industry-specific initiatives\u2013The case of the footwear industry","volume":"59","author":"Chituc","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Ind."},{"key":"ref_155","unstructured":"Berre, A.J., Hahn, A., Akehurst, D., Bezivin, J., Tsalgatidou, A., Vermaut, F., Kutvonen, L., and Linington, P.F. (2022, June 05). State-of-the Art for Interoperability Architecture Approaches. InterOP Network of Excellence-Contract no.: IST-508, Available online: https:\/\/citeseerx.ist.psu.edu\/viewdoc\/download?doi=10.1.1.106.9713&rep=rep1&type=pdf."},{"key":"ref_156","unstructured":"Curts, R.J., and Campbell, D.E. (1999). Architecture: The road to interoperability. Command & Control Research & Technology Symposium (CCRTS), US Naval War College."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1145\/210376.210392","article-title":"Semantic interoperability","volume":"27","author":"Heiler","year":"1995","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv. (CSUR)"},{"key":"ref_158","unstructured":"Ford, T.C., Colombi, J.M., Graham, S.R., and Jacques, D.R. (2007). Survey on Interoperability Measurement, Air Force Institute of Tech Wright-Patterson AFB OH. Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasunic, M. (2001). Measuring Systems Interoperability: Challenges and Opportunities, Carnegie-Mellon Univ Pittsburgh Pa Software Engineering Inst. Technical Report.","DOI":"10.21236\/ADA400176"},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeid, A., Sundaram, S., Moghaddam, M., Kamarthi, S., and Marion, T. (2019). Interoperability in smart manufacturing: Research challenges. Machines, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/machines7020021"},{"key":"ref_161","unstructured":"(2016). Information Technology-Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) v3.1.1, ISO\/IEC. Technical Report."},{"key":"ref_162","unstructured":"Brunnermeier, S., and Martin, S. (1999). Interoperability Cost Analysis of the US Automotive Supply Chain, Center for Economics Research (Research Triangle Institute)."},{"key":"ref_163","first-page":"108","article-title":"Global information architecture for industrial automation","volume":"51","author":"Kegel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Automatisierungstechnische Praxis (ATP)"},{"key":"ref_164","unstructured":"Sage, A.P. (2011). Systems architecture. Handbook of Systems Engineering and Management, John Wiley & Sons. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_165","unstructured":"Christopher, N., Feng, S.C., Fowler, J.E., Frechette, S.P., Jones, A., Jurrens, K., Lyons, K., McLean, C.R., Pratt, M., and Scott, H.A. (1996). SIMA Reference Architecture Part 1: Activity Models."},{"key":"ref_166","first-page":"323","article-title":"A review of smart manufacturing reference models based on the skeleton meta-model","volume":"7","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Comput. Des. Eng."},{"key":"ref_167","unstructured":"DIN SPEC (2016). 91345: 2016-04 Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI4. 0). DIN, 4, 2016."},{"key":"ref_168","unstructured":"Lin, S.W., Miller, B., Durand, J., Joshi, R., Didier, P., Chigani, A., Torenbeek, R., Duggal, D., Martin, R., and Bleakley, G. (2015). Industrial Internet Reference Architecture, Industrial Internet Consortium (IIC). Techonol Report."},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.82.0087","article-title":"Architecture of the IBM System\/360","volume":"8","author":"Amdahl","year":"1964","journal-title":"IBM J. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2021.107241","article-title":"Industry 4.0 reference architectures: State of the art and future trends","volume":"156","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_171","first-page":"171","article-title":"Reference architectures for Industry 4.0: Literature review","volume":"12","author":"Helmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv Transdiscip Eng"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, Y., Morris, K.C., and Frechette, S. (2015, January 24\u201328). Standards landscape and directions for smart manufacturing systems. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), Gothenburg, Sweden.","DOI":"10.1109\/CoASE.2015.7294229"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, S., Hu, J., Cheng, Y., Ma, Y., and Yu, Y. (2017, January 20\u201323). The essential elements of intelligent manufacturing system architecture. Proceedings of the 2017 13th IEEE Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE), Xi\u2019an, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/COASE.2017.8256234"},{"key":"ref_174","unstructured":"Industrial Value Chain Initiative (2018). Strategic Implementation of Smart Manufacturing Ecosystem by IVRA-Next Framework, Industrial Value Chain Initiative. Techonol Report."},{"key":"ref_175","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Towara, T., and Anderl, R. (2017, January 5\u20137). Topological approach for mapping technologies in reference architectural model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI 4.0). Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science, London, UK."},{"key":"ref_176","unstructured":"IVCI (2022, June 05). Industrial Value Chain Reference Architecture. Hannover, Germany. Available online: http:\/\/www.iaeng.org\/publication\/WCECS2017\/WCECS2017_pp982-990.pdf."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2018.10.006","article-title":"Reference architectures for smart manufacturing: A critical review","volume":"49","author":"Moghaddam","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, Y., Morris, K.C., and Frechette, S. (2016). Current Standards Landscape for Smart Manufacturing Systems.","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.IR.8107"},{"key":"ref_179","first-page":"147","article-title":"Adapting an agile manufacturing concept to the reference architecture model industry 4.0: A survey and case study","volume":"15","author":"Sierla","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Ind. Inf. Integr."},{"key":"ref_180","unstructured":"Lin, S.W., Murphy, B., Clauer, E., Loewen, U., Neubert, R., Bachmann, G., Pai, M., and Hankel, M. (2017). Architecture Alignment and Interoperability: An Industrial Internet Consortium and Plattform Industrie 4.0 Joint Whitepaper, Industrial Internet Consortium. White Paper."},{"key":"ref_181","first-page":"1","article-title":"Interoperability between IIC Architecture & Industry 4.0 Reference Architecture for Industrial Assets","volume":"1","author":"Pai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tech. Rep."},{"key":"ref_182","unstructured":"Adolphs, P. (2022, June 05). RAMI 4.0. An architectural Model for Industrie 4.0. Plattform Industrie 4.0. Available online: https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/futurium\/en\/system\/files\/ged\/a2-schweichhart-reference_architectural_model_industrie_4.0_rami_4.0.pdf."},{"key":"ref_183","first-page":"4","article-title":"The reference architectural model industrie 4.0 (rami 4.0)","volume":"2","author":"Hankel","year":"2015","journal-title":"ZVEI"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2017.03.309","article-title":"M2DDM\u2013a maturity model for data-driven manufacturing","volume":"63","author":"Weber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Cirp"},{"key":"ref_185","unstructured":"Gr\u00f6ger, C., Kassner, L., Hoos, E., K\u00f6nigsberger, J., Kiefer, C., Silcher, S., and Mitschang, B. (2016, January 25\u201328). The data-driven factory. Proceedings of the ICEIS 2016\u201418th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, Rome, Italy."},{"key":"ref_186","unstructured":"Adolphs, P., Bedenbender, H., Dirzus, D., Ehlich, M., Epple, U., Hankel, M., Heidel, R., Hoffmeister, M., Huhle, H., and K\u00e4rcher, B. (2022, June 05). Reference Architecture Model Industrie 4.0 (RAMI4. 0). ZVEI and VDI, Status Report, Available online: https:\/\/www.zvei.org\/fileadmin\/user_upload\/Presse_und_Medien\/Publikationen\/2016\/januar\/GMA_Status_Report_Reference_Archtitecture_Model_Industrie_4.0_RAMI_4.0_\/GMA-Status-Report-RAMI-40-July-2015.pdf."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2017.09.093","article-title":"Towards Industry 4.0: An overview of European strategic roadmaps","volume":"13","author":"Santos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"de Melo, P.F.S., and Godoy, E.P. (2019, January 4\u20136). Controller Interface for Industry 4.0 based on RAMI 4.0 and OPC UA. Proceedings of the 2019 II Workshop on Metrology for Industry 4.0 and IoT (MetroInd4.0 and IoT), Naples, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/METROI4.2019.8792837"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.3991\/ijoe.v13i10.7331","article-title":"Developing of Industry 4.0 Applications","volume":"13","author":"Contreras","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Online Eng."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2017.12.029","article-title":"An architecture based on RAMI 4.0 to discover equipment to process operations required by products","volume":"125","author":"Pisching","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melo, P.F., Godoy, E.P., Ferrari, P., and Sisinni, E. (2021). Open source control device for industry 4.0 based on RAMI 4.0. Electronics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics10070869"},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hern\u00e1ndez, E., Senna, P., Silva, D., Rebelo, R., Barros, A.C., and Toscano, C. (2019). Implementing RAMI-4.0 in production-a multi-case study. International Conference of Progress in Digital and Physical Manufacturing, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-29041-2_6"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schulte, D., and Colombo, A.W. (November, January 29). Rami 4.0 based digitalization of an industrial plate extruder system: Technical and infrastructural challenges. Proceedings of the IECON 2017-43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Beijing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON.2017.8216593"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez, I., Calder\u00f3n, A.J., Figueiredo, J., and Sousa, J. (2019). A literature survey on open platform communications (OPC) applied to advanced industrial environments. Electronics, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics8050510"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luo, Z., Hong, S., Lu, R., Li, Y., Zhang, X., Kim, J., Park, T., Zheng, M., and Liang, W. (2017, January 22\u201324). OPC UA-based smart manufacturing: System architecture, implementation, and execution. Proceedings of the 2017 5th International Conference on Enterprise Systems (ES), Beijing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ES.2017.53"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2016.2530404","article-title":"RESTful industrial communication with OPC UA","volume":"12","author":"Pfrommer","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Derhamy, H., R\u00f6nnholm, J., Delsing, J., Eliasson, J., and van Deventer, J. (2017, January 24\u201326). Protocol interoperability of OPC UA in service oriented architectures. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE 15th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), Emden, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/INDIN.2017.8104744"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2016.11.055","article-title":"OPC UA & Industrie 4.0-enabling technology with high diversity and variability","volume":"57","author":"Schleipen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Procedia Cirp"},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ye, X., and Hong, S.H. (2018, January 4\u20137). An AutomationML\/OPC UA-based Industry 4.0 solution for a manufacturing system. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Turin, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2018.8502637"},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.21014\/acta_imeko.v8i2.648","article-title":"On the performance of OPC UA and MQTT for data exchange between industrial plants and cloud servers","volume":"8","author":"Rocha","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACTA IMEKO"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferrari, P., Flammini, A., Rinaldi, S., Sisinni, E., Maffei, D., and Malara, M. (2018). Impact of quality of service on cloud based industrial IoT applications with OPC UA. Electronics, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics7070109"},{"key":"ref_202","first-page":"5917","article-title":"Business case and technology analysis for 5G low latency applications","volume":"5","author":"Lema","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2016.7470948","article-title":"The tactile internet: Vision, recent progress, and open challenges","volume":"54","author":"Maier","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2016.2525398","article-title":"5G-enabled tactile internet","volume":"34","author":"Simsek","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2014.6736747","article-title":"Network densification: The dominant theme for wireless evolution into 5G","volume":"52","author":"Bhushan","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2016.2532458","article-title":"Next generation 5G wireless networks: A comprehensive survey","volume":"18","author":"Agiwal","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1109\/MIM.2015.7108393","article-title":"5G cellular: Key enabling technologies and research challenges","volume":"18","author":"Hossain","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2016.2599780","article-title":"Toward 5G: FiWi enhanced LTE-A HetNets with reliable low-latency fiber backhaul sharing and WiFi offloading","volume":"25","author":"Beyranvand","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mogensen, P., Pajukoski, K., Tiirola, E., Vihriala, J., Lahetkangas, E., Berardinelli, G., Tavares, F.M., Mahmood, N.H., Lauridsen, M., and Catania, D. (2014, January 18\u201321). Centimeter-wave concept for 5G ultra-dense small cells. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE 79th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), Seoul, Korea.","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2014.7023157"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ploder, O., Palaoro, N., Etzlinger, B., and Springer, A. (2017, January 21\u201325). A cross-layer approach for ultra-low-latency machine type communication. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Paris, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2017.7997462"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2647803","article-title":"Frame structure design and analysis for millimeter wave cellular systems","volume":"16","author":"Dutta","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2016.2617459","article-title":"Ultra high performance wireless control for critical applications: Challenges and directions","volume":"13","author":"Luvisotto","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1109\/TASL.2013.2273716","article-title":"Robust ultra-low latency soft-decision decoding of linear PCM audio","volume":"21","author":"Pflug","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1601092","article-title":"Radio resource management for ultra-reliable and low-latency communications","volume":"55","author":"She","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2015.2511087","article-title":"Short-packet communications over multiple-antenna Rayleigh-fading channels","volume":"64","author":"Durisi","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2745201","article-title":"A survey on mobile edge computing: The communication perspective","volume":"19","author":"Mao","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Connell, E., Moore, D., and Newe, T. (2020). Challenges associated with implementing 5G in manufacturing. Telecom, 1.","DOI":"10.3390\/telecom1010005"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2014.02.025","article-title":"Towards an understanding of cyber-physical systems as industrial software-product-service systems","volume":"16","author":"Mikusz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Cirp"},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahnke, W., Leitner, S.H., and Damm, M. (2009). OPC Unified Architecture, Springer Science & Business Media.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-68899-0"},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1109\/41.808018","article-title":"Real-time fieldbus communications using Profibus networks","volume":"46","author":"Tovar","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petersen, N., Halilaj, L., Grangel-Gonz\u00e1lez, I., Lohmann, S., Lange, C., and Auer, S. (2017). Realizing an RDF-based information model for a manufacturing company\u2014A case study. International Semantic Web Conference, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-68204-4_31"},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s11740-007-0057-1","article-title":"Mechanical module interfaces for reconfigurable machine tools","volume":"1","author":"Abele","year":"2007","journal-title":"Prod. Eng."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lang, D., Friesen, M., Ehrlich, M., Wisniewski, L., and Jasperneite, J. (2018, January 18\u201320). Pursuing the vision of Industrie 4.0: Secure plug-and-produce by means of the asset administration shell and blockchain technology. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 16th International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), Porto, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1109\/INDIN.2018.8471939"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1109\/MIE.2020.3010492","article-title":"Toward the Plug-and-Produce Capability for Industry 4.0: An Asset Administration Shell Approach","volume":"14","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Ind. Electron. Mag."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Y., Dhouib, S., and Malenfant, J. (2021, January 13\u201316). An AAS Modeling Tool for Capability-Based Engineering of Flexible Production Lines. Proceedings of the IECON 2021\u201347th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Toronto, ON, Canada.","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON48115.2021.9589329"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pisari\u0107, M., Dimitrieski, V., Vje\u0161tica, M., Krajoski, G., and Kapetina, M. (2021). Towards a flexible smart factory with a dynamic resource orchestration. Appl. Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/app11177956"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cavalieri, S., and Salafia, M.G. (2020). A model for predictive maintenance based on asset administration shell. Sensors, 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/s20216028"},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wagner, C., Grothoff, J., Epple, U., Drath, R., Malakuti, S., Gr\u00fcner, S., Hoffmeister, M., and Zimermann, P. (2017, January 12\u201315). The role of the Industry 4.0 asset administration shell and the digital twin during the life cycle of a plant. Proceedings of the 2017 22nd IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Limassol, Cyprus.","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2017.8247583"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-016-0446-0","article-title":"Linked data in business","volume":"58","author":"Abramowicz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bus. Inf. Syst. Eng."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2017.01.048","article-title":"Integrated data model and structure for the asset administration shell in industrie 4.0","volume":"60","author":"Tantik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Cirp"},{"key":"ref_231","unstructured":"Watson, K. (2022, June 05). AutomationML-Industrie 4.0 Candidate Standard for Asset Model Engineering and Plug & Work. OMG Event \u201cModel Based Engineering, Automation and IoT in Smart Manufacturing, Available online: https:\/\/www.omg.org\/events\/ca-17\/special-events\/mnf-pdf\/Watson.pdf."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Arm, J., Benesl, T., Marcon, P., Bradac, Z., Schr\u00f6der, T., Belyaev, A., Werner, T., Braun, V., Kamensky, P., and Zezulka, F. (2021). Automated Design and Integration of Asset Administration Shells in Components of Industry 4.0. Sensors, 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/s21062004"},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wei, K., Sun, J., and Liu, R. (2019, January 15\u201318). A Review of Asset Administration Shell. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM), Macao, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/IEEM44572.2019.8978536"},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2017.03.009","article-title":"Potentials of the asset administration shell of Industrie 4.0 for service-oriented business models","volume":"64","author":"Tantik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bader, S.R., and Maleshkova, M. (2019). The semantic asset administration shell. International Conference on Semantic Systems, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-33220-4_12"},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Grangel-Gonz\u00e1lez, I., Halilaj, L., Coskun, G., Auer, S., Collarana, D., and Hoffmeister, M. (2016, January 4\u20136). Towards a semantic administrative shell for industry 4.0 components. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE Tenth International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC), Laguna Hills, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSC.2016.58"},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langegger, A., W\u00f6\u00df, W., and Bl\u00f6chl, M. (2008). A semantic web middleware for virtual data integration on the web. European Semantic Web Conference, Springer.","DOI":"10.1145\/1497308.1497410"},{"key":"ref_238","unstructured":"Bizer, C., Becker, C., Mendes, P.N., Isele, R., Matteini, A., and Schultz, A. (2022, June 06). Ldif-a Framework for Large-Scale Linked Data Integration. Available online: https:\/\/refubium.fu-berlin.de\/bitstream\/handle\/fub188\/14693\/Schultz-et-al-LDIF-WWW2012-DevTrack.pdf;jsessionid=9AAB1144C935C4FA351A789F5E80885A?sequence=1."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.4018\/jdst.2012070104","article-title":"Linked Data as integrating technology for industrial data","volume":"3","author":"Graube","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Distrib. Syst. Technol. (IJDST)"},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1080\/09511920701567770","article-title":"Requirements on unique identifiers for managing product lifecycle information: Comparison of alternative approaches","volume":"20","author":"Harrison","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_241","unstructured":"IEC (2013). 62264-1: Enterprise-Control System Integration\u2013Part 1: Models and Terminology, IEC."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Greer, C., Burns, M., Wollman, D., and Griffor, E. (2019). Cyber-Physical Systems and Internet of Things.","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.1900-202"},{"key":"ref_243","unstructured":"(2022, June 05). Cyber-Physical Systems Driving force for Innovation in Mobility, Health, Energy and Production, 2011. Acatech Position Paper. Available online: https:\/\/en.acatech.de\/publication\/cyber-physical-systems-driving-force-for-innovation-in-mobility-health-energy-and-production\/."},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/s11390-011-1189-5","article-title":"Internet of things: Objectives and scientific challenges","volume":"26","author":"Ma","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Comput. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2012.02.016","article-title":"Internet of things: Vision, applications and research challenges","volume":"10","author":"Miorandi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ad Hoc Netw."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2013.01.010","article-title":"Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions","volume":"29","author":"Gubbi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"ref_247","unstructured":"T\u00f6rngren, M., Bensalem, S., Cengarle, M., McDermid, J., Passerone, R., and Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, A. (2022, June 05). Cyber-physical european roadmap & Strategy. Cyber-Physical European Roadmap and Strategy D5. 1, Tech. Rep., Available online: http:\/\/cyphers.eu\/sites\/default\/files\/d6.1+2-report.pdf."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/23335777.2015.970764","article-title":"Inaugural issue of \u2018cyber-physical systems\u2019","volume":"1","author":"Stojmenovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cyber-Phys. Syst."},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, E.A. (2008, January 5\u20137). Cyber physical systems: Design challenges. Proceedings of the 2008 11th IEEE International Symposium on Object and Component-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC), Orlando, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISORC.2008.25"},{"key":"ref_250","unstructured":"Lee, E.A., and Seshia, S.A. (2016). Introduction to Embedded Systems: A Cyber-Physical Systems Approach, MIT Press."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sha, L., Gopalakrishnan, S., Liu, X., and Wang, Q. (2008, January 11\u201313). Cyber-physical systems: A new frontier. Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Conference on Sensor Networks, Ubiquitous, and Trustworthy Computing (sutc 2008), Taichung, Taiwan.","DOI":"10.1109\/SUTC.2008.85"},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2014.2322503","article-title":"Design techniques and applications of cyberphysical systems: A survey","volume":"9","author":"Khaitan","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"key":"ref_253","first-page":"73","article-title":"Smart monitoring of potato crop: A cyber-physical system architecture model in the field of precision agriculture","volume":"6","author":"Rad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Agric. Agric. Sci. Procedia"},{"key":"ref_254","unstructured":"Song, H., Rawat, D.B., Jeschke, S., and Brecher, C. (2016). Cyber-Physical Systems: Foundations, Principles and Applications, Morgan Kaufmann."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Basile, F., Chiacchio, P., Coppola, J., and Gerbasio, D. (2015, January 8\u201311). Automated warehouse systems: A cyber-physical system perspective. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE 20th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA), Luxembourg.","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2015.7301597"},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.20965\/ijat.2017.p0017","article-title":"Cyber-physical product-service systems\u2013challenges for requirements engineering","volume":"11","author":"Wiesner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Autom. Technol."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2014.11.013","article-title":"An overview of function block enabled adaptive process planning for machining","volume":"35","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1108\/01445151211212280","article-title":"The IDEAS project: Plug & produce at shop-floor level","volume":"32","author":"Onori","year":"2012","journal-title":"Assem. Autom."},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro, L., Barata, J., and Ferreira, J. (2010, January 13\u201316). An agent-based interaction-oriented shop floor to support emergent diagnosis. Proceedings of the 2010 8th IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics, Osaka, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/INDIN.2010.5549436"},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferreira, P., Lohse, N., and Ratchev, S. (2010). Multi-agent architecture for reconfiguration of precision modular assembly systems. International Precision Assembly Seminar, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-11598-1_29"},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro, L., Barata, J., Onori, M., Hanisch, C., Hoos, J., and Rosa, R. (2011, January 7\u201310). Self-organization in automation-the IDEAS pre-demonstrator. Proceedings of the IECON 2011-37th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/IECON.2011.6119747"},{"key":"ref_262","unstructured":"Onori, M., Maffei, A., and Durand, F. (2013, January 27\u201330). The ideas plug & produce system. Proceedings of the NewTech 2013 Advanced Manufacturing Engineering and Technologies, Stockholm, Sweden."},{"key":"ref_263","unstructured":"Grieves, M. (2011). Virtually Perfect: Driving Innovative and Lean Products through Product Lifecycle Management, Space Coast Press."},{"key":"ref_264","unstructured":"Fr\u00e4mling, K., Holmstr\u00f6m, J., Ala-Risku, T., and K\u00e4rkk\u00e4inen, M. (2003). Product Agents for Handling Information about Physical Objects. Rep. Lab. Inf. Process. Sci. Ser. B TKO-B, 153, Available online: https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/download\/43082106\/B153.pdf."},{"key":"ref_265","first-page":"1","article-title":"Modeling, simulation, information technology & processing roadmap","volume":"32","author":"Shafto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Natl. Aeronaut. Space Adm."},{"key":"ref_266","first-page":"1","article-title":"Digital twin: Manufacturing excellence through virtual factory replication","volume":"1","author":"Grieves","year":"2014","journal-title":"White Pap."},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1109\/MMUL.2018.023121167","article-title":"Digital twins: The convergence of multimedia technologies","volume":"25","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Multimed."},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2017.04.038","article-title":"Toward a Digital Twin for real-time geometry assurance in individualized production","volume":"66","author":"Carlson","year":"2017","journal-title":"CIRP Ann."},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2016.11.115","article-title":"Digital twin data modeling with automationml and a communication methodology for data exchange","volume":"49","author":"Schroeder","year":"2016","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine"},{"key":"ref_270","first-page":"36","article-title":"Interpretation of cyber-physical systems whitepaper (2017)","volume":"4","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inf. Technol. Stand."},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2021.05.011","article-title":"Digital twins-based smart manufacturing system design in Industry 4.0: A review","volume":"60","author":"Leng","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_272","unstructured":"Predix, G. (2018). Predix: The Application Platform for Digital Industrial Solutions. User Manual, Available online: https:\/\/usermanual.wiki\/m\/c973d726f3ff05399ed19d085fa013709d3ac98f140d4ec8c79939b6401bf4a8.pdf."},{"key":"ref_273","unstructured":"Overton, J., and Brigham, J.C. (2022, June 05). The Digital Twin: Data Driven Simulations Innovate the Manufacturing Process. White Pap., Available online: http:\/\/www.dxc.technology\/analytics\/insights\/1%38984-the_digital_twin_data_driven_simulations_innovate_the_manufacturing_process."},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u017didek, K., Pitel\u2019, J., Ad\u00e1mek, M., Lazor\u00edk, P., and Ho\u0161ovsk\u1ef3, A. (2020). Digital twin of experimental smart manufacturing assembly system for industry 4.0 concept. Sustainability, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/su12093658"},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2018.07.155","article-title":"Modeling of cloud-based digital twins for smart manufacturing with MT connect","volume":"26","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_276","unstructured":"Industrial Internet Consortium (2022, June 05). Digital Twins for Industrial Applications: Definition, Buisiness Values, Design Aspects, Standards and Use Cases. IIC. Available online: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/339460951."},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rittinghouse, J.W., and Ransome, J.F. (2017). Cloud Computing: Implementation, Management, and Security, CRC Press.","DOI":"10.1201\/9781439806814"},{"key":"ref_278","first-page":"54","article-title":"Industry 4.0: The future of productivity and growth in manufacturing industries","volume":"9","author":"Lorenz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Boston Consult. Group"},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biron, K., Bazzaza, W., Yaqoob, K., Gawanmeh, A., and Fachkha, C. (September, January 31). A big data fusion to profile CPS security threats against operational technology. Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 21st International Symposium on \u201cA World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks\u201d (WoWMoM), Cork, Ireland.","DOI":"10.1109\/WoWMoM49955.2020.00073"},{"key":"ref_280","unstructured":"LLC, P.I. (2022, June 05). Cybersecurity in Operational Technology: 7 Insights You Need to Know. Technical Report, Tenable. Available online: https:\/\/lookbook.tenable.com\/ponemonotreport\/ponemon-OT-report."},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Furht, B., and Escalante, A. (2010). Handbook of Cloud Computing, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-6524-0"},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weiner, M., Jorgovanovic, M., Sahai, A., and Nikoli\u00e9, B. (2014, January 10\u201314). Design of a low-latency, high-reliability wireless communication system for control applications. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Sydney, NSW, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2014.6883918"},{"key":"ref_283","unstructured":"De Brito, M.S., Hoque, S., Steinke, R., and Willner, A. (2016, January 12\u201316). Towards programmable fog nodes in smart factories. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE 1st International Workshops on Foundations and Applications of Self* Systems (FAS* W), Augsburg, Germany."},{"key":"ref_284","unstructured":"OpenFog Consortium Architecture Working Group (2017). OpenFog reference architecture for fog computing. OPFRA, 20817, 162."},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonomi, F., Milito, R., Zhu, J., and Addepalli, S. (2012, January 17). Fog computing and its role in the internet of things. Proceedings of the First Edition of the MCC Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing, Helsinki, Finland.","DOI":"10.1145\/2342509.2342513"},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2016.2579198","article-title":"Edge computing: Vision and challenges","volume":"3","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dastjerdi, A.V., Gupta, H., Calheiros, R.N., Ghosh, S.K., and Buyya, R. (2016). Fog computing: Principles, architectures, and applications. Internet of Things, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-805395-9.00004-6"},{"key":"ref_288","first-page":"37","article-title":"Perspectives for fog computing in manufacturing","volume":"12","author":"Lipski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seitz, A., Buchinger, D., and Bruegge, B. (2018, January 19\u201323). The conjunction of fog computing and the industrial internet of things-an applied approach. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops), Athens, Greece.","DOI":"10.1109\/PERCOMW.2018.8480288"},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2673666","article-title":"Supervisory factory control based on real-time production feedback","volume":"129","author":"Chang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, J., and Meerkov, S.M. (2008). Production Systems Engineering, Springer Science & Business Media.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-75579-3_1"},{"key":"ref_292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1192788","article-title":"How to grow a mind: Statistics, structure, and abstraction","volume":"331","author":"Tenenbaum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_293","unstructured":"Poole, D., Mackworth, A., and Goebel, R. (1998). Computational Intelligence: A Logical Approach, Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref_294","unstructured":"Stuart, R., and Peter, N. (2016). Artificial Intelligence\u2014A Modern Approach, Pearson. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaa8415","article-title":"Machine learning: Trends, perspectives, and prospects","volume":"349","author":"Jordan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1147\/rd.441.0206","article-title":"Some studies in machine learning using the game of checkers","volume":"44","author":"Samuel","year":"2000","journal-title":"IBM J. Res. Dev."},{"key":"ref_297","unstructured":"Michalski, R.S., Carbonell, J.G., and Mitchell, T.M. (2013). Machine Learning: An Artificial Intelligence Approach, Springer Science & Business Media."},{"key":"ref_298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2018.02.004","article-title":"A survey of the advancing use and development of machine learning in smart manufacturing","volume":"48","author":"Sharp","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-021-01771-6","article-title":"Applications of artificial intelligence in engineering and manufacturing: A systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Nti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Intell. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2018.01.003","article-title":"Deep learning for smart manufacturing: Methods and applications","volume":"48","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_301","unstructured":"Abadi, M., Agarwal, A., Barham, P., Brevdo, E., Chen, Z., Citro, C., Corrado, G.S., Davis, A., Dean, J., and Devin, M. (2016). Tensorflow: Large-scale machine learning on heterogeneous distributed systems. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neunet.2014.09.003","article-title":"Deep learning in neural networks: An overview","volume":"61","author":"Schmidhuber","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neural Netw."},{"key":"ref_303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/323533a0","article-title":"Learning representations by back-propagating errors","volume":"323","author":"Rumelhart","year":"1986","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539","article-title":"Deep learning","volume":"521","author":"LeCun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bengio, Y. (2009). Learning Deep Architectures for AI, Now Publishers Inc.","DOI":"10.1561\/9781601982957"},{"key":"ref_306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bengio, Y. (2013). Deep learning of representations: Looking forward. International Conference on Statistical Language and Speech Processing, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-39593-2_1"},{"key":"ref_307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2013.50","article-title":"Representation learning: A review and new perspectives","volume":"35","author":"Bengio","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"ref_308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, L. (2014). A tutorial survey of architectures, algorithms, and applications for deep learning. APSIPA Trans. Signal Inf. Process., 3.","DOI":"10.1017\/atsip.2013.9"},{"key":"ref_309","unstructured":"Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., and Hinton, G.E. (2012). Imagenet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst., 25."},{"key":"ref_310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Szegedy, C., Liu, W., Jia, Y., Sermanet, P., Reed, S., Anguelov, D., Erhan, D., Vanhoucke, V., and Rabinovich, A. (2015, January 7\u201312). Going deeper with convolutions. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Boston, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298594"},{"key":"ref_311","first-page":"2493","article-title":"Natural language processing (almost) from scratch","volume":"12","author":"Collobert","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"ref_312","unstructured":"Sutskever, I., Vinyals, O., and Le, Q.V. (2014). Sequence to sequence learning with neural networks. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst., 27."},{"key":"ref_313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-015-0876-z","article-title":"A deep structured model with radius\u2013margin bound for 3D human activity recognition","volume":"118","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"ref_314","unstructured":"Cao, S., and Nevatia, R. (2016, January 4\u20138). Exploring deep learning based solutions in fine grained activity recognition in the wild. Proceedings of the 2016 23rd International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), Cancun, Mexico."},{"key":"ref_315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2587642","article-title":"DeepID-Net: Object detection with deformable part based convolutional neural networks","volume":"39","author":"Ouyang","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"ref_316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diba, A., Sharma, V., Pazandeh, A., Pirsiavash, H., and Van Gool, L. (2017, January 21\u201326). Weakly supervised cascaded convolutional networks. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Honolulu, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2017.545"},{"key":"ref_317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Long, J., Shelhamer, E., and Darrell, T. (2015, January 7\u201312). Fully convolutional networks for semantic segmentation. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Boston, MA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298965"},{"key":"ref_318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Noh, H., Hong, S., and Han, B. (2015, January 3\u20137). Learning deconvolution network for semantic segmentation. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, Santiago, Chile.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.178"},{"key":"ref_319","unstructured":"Chen, X., and Yuille, A.L. (2014). Articulated pose estimation by a graphical model with image dependent pairwise relations. Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst., 27."},{"key":"ref_320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Toshev, A., and Szegedy, C. (2014, January 23\u201328). Deeppose: Human pose estimation via deep neural networks. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Columbus, OH, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2014.214"},{"key":"ref_321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2179","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2018.1530476","article-title":"Supply chain risk management and artificial intelligence: State of the art and future research directions","volume":"57","author":"Baryannis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-018-3106-3","article-title":"A reference framework and overall planning of industrial artificial intelligence (I-AI) for new application scenarios","volume":"101","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1557\/mrs.2019.157","article-title":"Artificial intelligence\/machine learning in manufacturing and inspection: A GE perspective","volume":"44","author":"Aggour","year":"2019","journal-title":"MRS Bull."},{"key":"ref_324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2018.01.006","article-title":"Data-driven smart manufacturing","volume":"48","author":"Tao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.promfg.2018.07.140","article-title":"Design and interaction interface using augmented reality for smart manufacturing","volume":"26","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia Manuf."},{"key":"ref_326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yao, X., Zhou, J., Zhang, J., and Bo\u00ebr, C.R. (2017, January 22\u201324). From intelligent manufacturing to smart manufacturing for industry 4.0 driven by next generation artificial intelligence and further on. Proceedings of the 2017 5th International Conference on Enterprise Systems (ES), Beijing, China.","DOI":"10.1109\/ES.2017.58"},{"key":"ref_327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2020.106885","article-title":"CNN-LSTM deep learning architecture for computer vision-based modal frequency detection","volume":"144","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mech. Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s40684-016-0039-x","article-title":"Machine learning-based imaging system for surface defect inspection","volume":"3","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Precis. Eng. Manuf.-Green Technol."},{"key":"ref_329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2010.09.012","article-title":"Machine learning approach for automated visual inspection of machine components","volume":"38","author":"Ravikumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_330","unstructured":"Matei, I., de Kleer, J., Feldman, A., Rai, R., and Chowdhury, S. (2020). Hybrid modeling: Applications in real-time diagnosis. arXiv."},{"key":"ref_331","first-page":"5","article-title":"Anomaly detection based on machine learning dimensionality reduction using PCA and classification using SVM","volume":"47","author":"George","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Appl."},{"key":"ref_332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kroll, B., Schaffranek, D., Schriegel, S., and Niggemann, O. (2014, January 16\u201319). System modeling based on machine learning for anomaly detection and predictive maintenance in industrial plants. Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Emerging Technology and Factory Automation (ETFA), Barcelona, Spain.","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2014.7005202"},{"key":"ref_333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carbery, C.M., Woods, R., and Marshall, A.H. (2018, January 20\u201322). A Bayesian network based learning system for modelling faults in large-scale manufacturing. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT), Lyon, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIT.2018.8352377"},{"key":"ref_334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2019.105683","article-title":"A generative neural network model for the quality prediction of work in progress products","volume":"85","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, L., Han, W., Li, H.T., Xu, Z.K., Zhang, J.W., and Cao, X. (2020). Long distance wireless fault diagnosis for photovoltaic modules based on back propagation neural network. Int. J. Electr. Eng. Educ.","DOI":"10.1177\/0020720920940601"},{"key":"ref_336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-013-0761-y","article-title":"An approach to monitoring quality in manufacturing using supervised machine learning on product state data","volume":"25","author":"Wuest","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Intell. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6713","DOI":"10.1177\/0954406219866867","article-title":"A new data analytics framework emphasising preprocessing of data to generate insights into complex manufacturing systems","volume":"233","author":"Carbery","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C J. Mech. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"ref_338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79908","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2923405","article-title":"Multistage quality control using machine learning in the automotive industry","volume":"7","author":"Peres","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30089","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2902949","article-title":"Long short-term memory networks based automatic feature extraction for photovoltaic array fault diagnosis","volume":"7","author":"Appiah","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/mice.12495","article-title":"A deep learning algorithm for simulating autonomous driving considering prior knowledge and temporal information","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput.-Aided Civ. Infrastruct. Eng."},{"key":"ref_341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1007\/s42835-020-00430-9","article-title":"Failure diagnosis method of photovoltaic generator using support vector machine","volume":"15","author":"Cho","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Electr. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"ref_342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2009.06.010","article-title":"A Bayesian machine learning method for sensor selection and fusion with application to on-board fault diagnostics","volume":"24","author":"Subrahmanya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mech. Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165710","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2953490","article-title":"Fault diagnosis of rotating machinery based on combination of deep belief network and one-dimensional convolutional neural network","volume":"7","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s12206-013-1102-y","article-title":"A machine learning approach for the condition monitoring of rotating machinery","volume":"28","author":"Kateris","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Mech. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3137","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2016.2519325","article-title":"An intelligent fault diagnosis method using unsupervised feature learning towards mechanical big data","volume":"63","author":"Lei","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron."},{"key":"ref_346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2016.2627020","article-title":"Deep model based domain adaptation for fault diagnosis","volume":"64","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron."},{"key":"ref_347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mwedzi, N.A., Nwulu, N.I., and Gbadamosi, S.L. (2019, January 20\u201321). Machine learning applications for fire detection in a residential building. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 6th International Conference on Engineering Technologies and Applied Sciences (ICETAS), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICETAS48360.2019.9117318"},{"key":"ref_348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2015.04.069","article-title":"Intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery using support vector machine with ant colony algorithm for synchronous feature selection and parameter optimization","volume":"167","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"key":"ref_349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1080\/15325008.2015.1131762","article-title":"Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of induction motor using support vector machine","volume":"44","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electr. Power Components Syst."},{"key":"ref_350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-012-4252-7","article-title":"Application of Bayesian networks for diagnostics in the assembly process by considering small measurement data sets","volume":"65","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2013.03.001","article-title":"Distributed Bayesian diagnosis for modular assembly systems\u2014A case study","volume":"32","author":"Sayed","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rost, A., and Sch\u00e4dle, S. (2013, January 4\u20137). The sls-generated soft robotic hand-an integrated approach using additive manufacturing and reinforcement learning. Proceedings of the 2013 12th International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications, Miami, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICMLA.2013.44"},{"key":"ref_353","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reinforcement Learning: MDP applied to autonomous navigation","volume":"4","author":"Mark","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mach. Learn. Appl. Int. J."},{"key":"ref_354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107975","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matdes.2019.107975","article-title":"Functionally Graded Materials through robotics-inspired path planning","volume":"182","author":"Eliseeva","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Des."},{"key":"ref_355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, Z., and Liu, R. (2017, January 28\u201331). Investigation of machine learning based network traffic classification. Proceedings of the 2017 International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS), Bologna, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISWCS.2017.8108090"},{"key":"ref_356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2017.02.013","article-title":"Machine learning aided Android malware classification","volume":"61","author":"Milosevic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"ref_357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25591","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2771470","article-title":"Machine learning-based malicious application detection of android","volume":"5","author":"Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_358","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4903","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2020.1859636","article-title":"Artificial intelligence (AI) in augmented reality (AR)-assisted manufacturing applications: A review","volume":"59","author":"Sahu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_359","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2013.09.011","article-title":"Auto-adaptive robot-aided therapy using machine learning techniques","volume":"116","author":"Badesa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Programs Biomed."},{"key":"ref_360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3339474","article-title":"Federated machine learning: Concept and applications","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Intell. Syst. Technol. (TIST)"},{"key":"ref_361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1109\/91.811242","article-title":"Hierarchical unsupervised fuzzy clustering","volume":"7","author":"Geva","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst."},{"key":"ref_362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2901801","article-title":"On-line tool breakage detection in turning: A multi-sensor method","volume":"116","author":"Colgan","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Eng. Ind."},{"key":"ref_363","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3187862","article-title":"Tool failure monitoring in turning by pattern recognition analysis of AE signals","volume":"110","author":"Emel","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Eng. Ind."},{"key":"ref_364","unstructured":"Du, R., Yan, D., and Elbestawi, M. (1991, January 16\u201319). Time-frequency distribution of acoustic emission signals for tool wear detection in turning. Proceedings of the 4th World Meeting on Acoustic Emission and 1st International Conference on Acoustic Emission in Manufacturing, Boston, MA, USA."},{"key":"ref_365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0007-8506(07)61012-9","article-title":"Neural network sensor fusion for tool condition monitoring","volume":"39","author":"Dornfeld","year":"1990","journal-title":"CIRP Ann."},{"key":"ref_366","first-page":"638","article-title":"In process recognition of cutting states","volume":"37","author":"Dornfeld","year":"1994","journal-title":"JSME Int. J. Ser. C Dyn. Control. Robot. Des. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_367","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpe.2008.05.022","article-title":"Analysis of a general Markovian two-stage continuous-flow production system with a finite buffer","volume":"120","author":"Tan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Econ."},{"key":"ref_368","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2012.03.019","article-title":"Performance evaluation for general queueing networks in manufacturing systems: Characterizing the trade-off between queue time and utilization","volume":"221","author":"Wu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.1080\/00207540500385980","article-title":"An approximate analytical method for evaluating the performance of closed-loop flow systems with unreliable machines and finite buffers","volume":"45","author":"Gershwin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-011-0961-9","article-title":"A decomposition method for approximate evaluation of continuous flow multi-stage lines with general Markovian machines","volume":"209","author":"Colledani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann. Oper. Res."},{"key":"ref_371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2010.550639","article-title":"Re-entrant lines with unreliable asynchronous machines and finite buffers: Performance approximation and bottleneck identification","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_372","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2016.2597062","article-title":"Production system performance identification using sensor data","volume":"48","author":"Zou","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst."},{"key":"ref_373","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2018.04.017","article-title":"Production performance prognostics through model-based analytical method and recency-weighted stochastic approximation method","volume":"47","author":"Zou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2018.09.034","article-title":"Learning-based scheduling of flexible manufacturing systems using ensemble methods","volume":"126","author":"Priore","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2017.03.008","article-title":"Big data analytics based fault prediction for shop floor scheduling","volume":"43","author":"Ji","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"ref_376","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ozdemir, R., and Koc, M. (2019, January 17\u201320). A Quality Control Application on a Smart Factory Prototype Using Deep Learning Methods. Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE 14th International Conference on Computer Sciences and Information Technologies (CSIT), Lviv, Ukraine.","DOI":"10.1109\/STC-CSIT.2019.8929734"},{"key":"ref_377","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1007\/s12652-018-0998-6","article-title":"A study on smart factory-based ambient intelligence context-aware intrusion detection system using machine learning","volume":"11","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Ambient Intell. Humaniz. Comput."},{"key":"ref_378","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lighthouse manufacturers lead the way\u2014Can the rest of the world keep up","volume":"1","author":"Leurent","year":"2019","journal-title":"McKinsey Q."},{"key":"ref_379","unstructured":"Betti, F., de Boer, E., and Giraud, Y. (2020). Industry\u2019s Fast-Mover Advantage: Enterprise Value from Digital Factories, World Economic Forum and McKinsey & Company."},{"key":"ref_380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vukoli\u0107, M. (2017, January 2\u20136). Rethinking permissioned blockchains. Proceedings of the ACM Workshop on Blockchain, Cryptocurrencies and Contracts, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.","DOI":"10.1145\/3055518.3055526"},{"key":"ref_381","unstructured":"Beck, R., Stenum Czepluch, J., Lollike, N., and Malone, S. (2022, June 05). Blockchain\u2013the Gateway to Trust-Free Cryptographic Transactions. Available online: https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/302589859_BLOCKCHAIN_-_THE_GATEWAY_TO_TRUST-FREE_CRYPTOGRAPHIC_TRANSACTIONS\/stats."},{"key":"ref_382","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10916-016-0574-6","article-title":"Healthcare data gateways: Found healthcare intelligence on blockchain with novel privacy risk control","volume":"40","author":"Yue","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Med. Syst."},{"key":"ref_383","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holland, M., Stjepandi\u0107, J., and Nigischer, C. (2018, January 17\u201320). Intellectual property protection of 3D print supply chain with blockchain technology. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE International conference on engineering, technology and innovation (ICE\/ITMC), Stuttgart, Germany.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICE.2018.8436315"},{"key":"ref_384","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2018.05.140","article-title":"Blockchain technology for security issues and challenges in IoT","volume":"132","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1109\/38.963459","article-title":"Recent advances in augmented reality","volume":"21","author":"Azuma","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl."},{"key":"ref_386","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haller, M., Billinghurst, M., and Thomas, B. (2006). Emerging Technologies of Augmented Reality: Interfaces and Design: Interfaces and Design, IGI Global.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-59904-066-0"},{"key":"ref_387","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berning, M., Riedel, T., Karl, D., Schandinat, F., Beigl, M., and Fantana, N. (2012, January 11\u201314). Augmented service in the factory of the future. Proceedings of the 2012 Ninth International Conference on Networked Sensing (INSS), Antwerp, Belgium.","DOI":"10.1109\/INSS.2012.6240571"},{"key":"ref_388","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hakkarainen, M., Woodward, C., and Billinghurst, M. (2008, January 15\u201318). Augmented assembly using a mobile phone. Proceedings of the 2008 7th IEEE\/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, Cambridge, UK.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2008.4637349"},{"key":"ref_389","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stutzman, B., Nilsen, D., Broderick, T., and Neubert, J. (April, January 31). MARTI: Mobile augmented reality tool for industry. Proceedings of the 2009 WRI World Congress on Computer Science and Information Engineering, Los Angeles, CA, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/CSIE.2009.930"},{"key":"ref_390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xin, M., Sharlin, E., and Sousa, M.C. (2008, January 27\u201329). Napkin sketch: Handheld mixed reality 3D sketching. Proceedings of the 2008 ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology, Bordeaux, France.","DOI":"10.1145\/1450579.1450627"},{"key":"ref_391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s12008-009-0064-x","article-title":"Interactive virtual assembling in augmented reality","volume":"3","author":"Valentini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. (IJIDeM)"},{"key":"ref_392","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1007\/s12008-010-0088-2","article-title":"Haptic-based interactive path planning for a virtual robot arm","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Interact. Des. Manuf. (IJIDeM)"},{"key":"ref_393","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1109\/MCG.2004.1297006","article-title":"Developing killer apps for industrial augmented reality","volume":"24","author":"Navab","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Comput. Graph. Appl."},{"key":"ref_394","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Novak-Marcincin, J., Barna, J., Janak, M., Novakova-Marcincinova, L., and Torok, J. (2012, January 5\u20137). Visualization of intelligent assembling process by augmented reality tools application. Proceedings of the 2012 4th IEEE International Symposium on Logistics and Industrial Informatics, Smolenice, Slovakia.","DOI":"10.1109\/LINDI.2012.6319505"},{"key":"ref_395","unstructured":"Fruend, J., Matysczok, C., and Radkowski, R. (2002, January 29). AR-based product design in automobile industry. Proceedings of the First IEEE International Workshop Agumented Reality Toolkit, Darmstadt, Germany."},{"key":"ref_396","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gausenmeier, J., Matysczok, C., and Radkowski, R. (2003, January 7). AR-based modular construction system for automobile advance development. Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE International Augmented Reality Toolkit Workshop, Tokyo, Japan.","DOI":"10.1109\/ART.2003.1320432"},{"key":"ref_397","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Park, H.S., Choi, H.W., and Park, J.W. (2008, January 9\u201311). Augmented reality based cockpit module assembly system. Proceedings of the 2008 International Conference on Smart Manufacturing Application, Goyangi, Korea.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMA.2008.4505627"},{"key":"ref_398","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13358","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2808326","article-title":"A review on industrial augmented reality systems for the industry 4.0 shipyard","volume":"6","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_399","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kalkofen, D., Veas, E., Zollmann, S., Steinberger, M., and Schmalstieg, D. (2013, January 1\u20134). Adaptive ghosted views for augmented reality. Proceedings of the 2013 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR), Adelaide, SA, Australia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISMAR.2013.6671758"},{"key":"ref_400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flatt, H., Koch, N., R\u00f6cker, C., G\u00fcnter, A., and Jasperneite, J. (2015, January 8\u201311). A context-aware assistance system for maintenance applications in smart factories based on augmented reality and indoor localization. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE 20th Conference on Emerging Technologies & Factory Automation (ETFA), Luxembourg.","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2015.7301586"},{"key":"ref_401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Loch, F., Quint, F., and Brishtel, I. (2016, January 14\u201316). Comparing video and augmented reality assistance in manual assembly. Proceedings of the 2016 12th International Conference on Intelligent Environments (IE), London, UK.","DOI":"10.1109\/IE.2016.31"},{"key":"ref_402","unstructured":"Aiteanu, D., Hillers, B., and Graser, A. (2003, January 10). A step forward in manual welding: Demonstration of augmented reality helmet. Proceedings of the Second IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality, Tokyo, Japan."},{"key":"ref_403","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Andersen, R.S., B\u00f8gh, S., Moeslund, T.B., and Madsen, O. (2016, January 26\u201331). Task space HRI for cooperative mobile robots in fit-out operations inside ship superstructures. Proceedings of the 2016 25th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), New York, NY, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2016.7745223"},{"key":"ref_404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Caram\u00e9s, T.M., Fraga-Lamas, P., Su\u00e1rez-Albela, M., and Vilar-Montesinos, M. (2018). A fog computing and cloudlet based augmented reality system for the industry 4.0 shipyard. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18061798"},{"key":"ref_405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Havard, V., Baudry, D., Louis, A., and Mazari, B. (2015, January 23\u201327). Augmented reality maintenance demonstrator and associated modelling. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Virtual Reality (VR), Arles, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/VR.2015.7223429"},{"key":"ref_406","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Smparounis, K., Mavrikios, D., Pappas, M., Xanthakis, V., Vigan\u00f2, G.P., and Pentenrieder, K. (2008, January 23\u201328). A virtual and augmented reality approach to collaborative product design and demonstration. Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Technology Management Conference (ICE), Lisbon, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1109\/ITMC.2009.7461378"},{"key":"ref_407","unstructured":"Santos, P., Graf, H., Fleisch, T., and Stork, A. (2003, January 23\u201327). 3d interactive augmented reality in early stages of product design. Proceedings of the HCI International 2003, 10th Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, Crete, Greece."},{"key":"ref_408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fr\u00fcnd, J., Gausemeier, J., Matysczok, C., and Radkowski, R. (2004). Using augmented reality technology to support the automobile development. International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/11568421_29"},{"key":"ref_409","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.destud.2009.11.001","article-title":"Augmented reality for collaborative product design and development","volume":"31","author":"Shen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Des. Stud."},{"key":"ref_410","unstructured":"Ng, L.X., Ong, S., and Nee, A. (2022, June 05). Arcade: A Simuple and Fast Augmented Reality Computer-Aided Design Environment Using Everyday Objects. Available online: http:\/\/www.iadisportal.org\/digital-library\/arcade-a-simple-and-fast-augmented-reality-computer-aided-design-environment-using-everyday-objects."},{"key":"ref_411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4729","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2018.1445877","article-title":"Empowering production workers with digitally facilitated knowledge processes\u2013a conceptual framework","volume":"56","author":"Hannola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Prod. Res."},{"key":"ref_412","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40436-015-0131-4","article-title":"A comprehensive survey of augmented reality assembly research","volume":"4","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_413","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2019.03.010","article-title":"A practical augmented reality-assisted maintenance system framework for adaptive user support","volume":"59","author":"Siew","year":"2019","journal-title":"Robot. Comput.-Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"ref_414","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1145\/159544.159587","article-title":"Knowledge-based augmented reality","volume":"36","author":"Feiner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"ref_415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zald\u00edvar-Colado, U., Garbaya, S., Tamayo-Serrano, P., Zald\u00edvar-Colado, X., and Blazevic, P. (September, January 28). A mixed reality for virtual assembly. Proceedings of the 2017 26th IEEE International Symposium on Robot and Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN), Lisbon, Portugal.","DOI":"10.1109\/ROMAN.2017.8172385"},{"key":"ref_416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1162\/pres.1997.6.4.355","article-title":"A survey of augmented reality","volume":"6","author":"Azuma","year":"1997","journal-title":"Presence Teleoperators Virtual Environ."},{"key":"ref_417","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1080\/24725854.2018.1493244","article-title":"Augmented reality technology in the manufacturing industry: A review of the last decade","volume":"51","author":"Bottani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iise Trans."},{"key":"ref_418","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2019.106195","article-title":"Augmented reality in support of intelligent manufacturing\u2013a systematic literature review","volume":"140","author":"Egger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"ref_419","unstructured":"Thomas, P., and David, W. (1992). Augmented reality: An application of heads-up display technology to manual manufacturing processes. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, ACM SIGCHI Bulletin."},{"key":"ref_420","unstructured":"Grimm, P., Haller, M., Paelke, V., Reinhold, S., Reimann, C., and Zauner, R. (2002, January 29). AMIRE-authoring mixed reality. Proceedings of the First IEEE International Workshop Agumented Reality Toolkit, Darmstadt, Germany."},{"key":"ref_421","unstructured":"Klinker, G., Reiners, D., Stricker, D., and M\u00fcller, S. (1998, January 1). Augmented Reality for Construction Tasks: Doorlock Assembly Applications. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Augmented Reality, San Francisco, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, A., Owen, C., Biocca, F., and Mou, W. (2003, January 5\u201310). Comparative effectiveness of augmented reality in object assembly. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Lauderdale, FL, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/642611.642626"},{"key":"ref_423","unstructured":"Schwab, K. (2016). The Fourth Industrial Revolution, World Economic Forum."},{"key":"ref_424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2016.05.004","article-title":"Design for Additive Manufacturing: Trends, opportunities, considerations, and constraints","volume":"65","author":"Thompson","year":"2016","journal-title":"CIRP Ann."},{"key":"ref_425","unstructured":"(2015). ASTM52900-15 Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing\u2014General Principles\u2014Terminology. Standard No. ISO\/ASTM 52900:2015."},{"key":"ref_426","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-015-7576-2","article-title":"Additive manufacturing methods and modelling approaches: A critical review","volume":"83","author":"Bikas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2017.05.009","article-title":"Materials for additive manufacturing","volume":"66","author":"Bourell","year":"2017","journal-title":"CIRP Ann."},{"key":"ref_428","unstructured":"Redwood, B., Sch\u00f6ffer, F., and Garret, B. (2017). The 3D Printing Handbook: Technologies, Design and Applications, 3D Hubs."},{"key":"ref_429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2015.11.011","article-title":"Optimal design of a 3D-printed scaffold using intelligent evolutionary algorithms","volume":"39","author":"Fathi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"ref_430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20180375","DOI":"10.1098\/rspa.2018.0375","article-title":"Improving the propulsion speed of a heaving wing through artificial evolution of shape","volume":"475","author":"Ramananarivo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. R. Soc. A"},{"key":"ref_431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/17452759.2015.1111519","article-title":"3D printing in aerospace and its long-term sustainability","volume":"10","author":"Joshi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Virtual Phys. Prototyp."},{"key":"ref_432","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4059","DOI":"10.1007\/s00170-018-1927-8","article-title":"Advanced 3D printing technologies for the aircraft industry: A fuzzy systematic approach for assessing the critical factors","volume":"105","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol."},{"key":"ref_433","unstructured":"Soller, S., Barata, A., Beyer, S., Dahlhaus, A., Guichard, D., Humbert, E., Kretschmer, J., and Zeiss, W. (2016, January 2\u20136). Selective laser melting (SLM) of Inconel 718 and stainless steel injectors for liquid rocket engines. Proceedings of the Space Propulsion 2016 Proceedings, Roma, Italy."},{"key":"ref_434","unstructured":"Petch, M. (2022, June 05). Audi Gives Update on Use of SLM Metal 3D Printing for the Automotive Industry. 3D Printing Industry. Available online: https:\/\/3dprintingindustry.com\/news\/audi-gives-update-use-slm-metal-3d-printing-automotive-industry-129376\/."},{"key":"ref_435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2017.01.081","article-title":"Locomotion Principles for Mobile Robotic Systems","volume":"103","author":"Chernousko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"key":"ref_436","unstructured":"Siegwart, R., Nourbakhsh, I.R., and Scaramuzza, D. (2011). Introduction to Autonomous Mobile Robots, MIT Press."},{"key":"ref_437","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Springer, P.J. (2013). Military Robots and Drones: A Reference Handbook, ABC-CLIO.","DOI":"10.5040\/9798400685996"},{"key":"ref_438","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729881417733934","DOI":"10.1177\/1729881417733934","article-title":"A new redundancy resolution for underwater vehicle\u2013manipulator system considering payload","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Robot. Syst."},{"key":"ref_439","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/544023a","article-title":"Smart manufacturing must embrace big data","volume":"544","author":"Kusiak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2019.04.011","article-title":"From intelligence science to intelligent manufacturing","volume":"5","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"ref_441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2018.04.015","article-title":"The industrial internet of things (IIoT): An analysis framework","volume":"101","author":"Boyes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Ind."},{"key":"ref_442","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Enste, U., and Mahnke, W. (2022, June 05). OPC Unified Archit., Available online: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compind.2018.04.015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2018.04.015"},{"key":"ref_443","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lehnhoff, S., Rohjans, S., Uslar, M., and Mahnke, W. (2012, January 3). OPC unified architecture: A service-oriented architecture for smart grids. Proceedings of the 2012 First International Workshop on Software Engineering Challenges for the Smart Grid (SE-SmartGrids), Zurich, Switzerland.","DOI":"10.1109\/SE4SG.2012.6225723"},{"key":"ref_444","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2021.10.025","article-title":"Real-Time-Capable Synchronization of Digital Twins","volume":"54","author":"Zipper","year":"2021","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine"},{"key":"ref_445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2014.05.007","article-title":"Virtual process systems for part machining operations","volume":"63","author":"Altintas","year":"2014","journal-title":"CIRP Ann."},{"key":"ref_446","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compind.2018.06.005","article-title":"Smart manufacturing standardization: Architectures, reference models and standards framework","volume":"101","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Ind."},{"key":"ref_447","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maiziere, T., and Die Lage der It-Sicherheit in Deutschland 2014 (2022, June 05). Bundesamt f\u00fcr Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik. Available online: https:\/\/www.bsi.bund.de\/SharedDocs\/Downloads\/DE\/BSI\/Publikationen\/Lageberichte\/Lagebericht2014.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=1#:~:text=F.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-658-23669-4_104-1"},{"key":"ref_448","unstructured":"Hentunen, D., and Tikkanen, A. (2014). Havex Hunts for ICS\/SCADA Systems, F-Secure."},{"key":"ref_449","unstructured":"Falliere, N., Murchu, L.O., and Chien, E. (2022, June 05). W32. Stuxnet Dossier Version 1.4. Symantec Security Response., Available online: https:\/\/www.wired.com\/images_blogs\/threatlevel\/2011\/02\/Symantec-Stuxnet-Update-Feb-2011.pdf."},{"key":"ref_450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rost, J., and Glass, R.L. (2011). The Dark Side of Software Engineering: Evil on Computing Projects, John Wiley & Sons.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470909959"},{"key":"ref_451","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2006.03.001","article-title":"Security issues in SCADA networks","volume":"25","author":"Igure","year":"2006","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"ref_452","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C\u00e1rdenas, A.A., Amin, S., Lin, Z.S., Huang, Y.L., Huang, C.Y., and Sastry, S. (2011, January 22\u201324). Attacks against process control systems: Risk assessment, detection, and response. Proceedings of the 6th ACM Symposium on Information, Computer and Communications Security, Hong Kong, China.","DOI":"10.1145\/1966913.1966959"},{"key":"ref_453","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2010.2046654","article-title":"Cyber security and power system communication\u2014essential parts of a smart grid infrastructure","volume":"25","author":"Ericsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Deliv."},{"key":"ref_454","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2008.2002298","article-title":"Vulnerability assessment of cybersecurity for SCADA systems","volume":"23","author":"Ten","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Power Syst."},{"key":"ref_455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malchow, J.O., Marzin, D., Klick, J., Kovacs, R., and Roth, V. (2015, January 28\u201330). PLC Guard: A practical defense against attacks on cyber-physical systems. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE Conference on Communications and Network Security (CNS), Florence, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/CNS.2015.7346843"},{"key":"ref_456","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin, C., Valizadeh, S., and van Dijk, M. (2018, January 15\u201318). Snapshotter: Lightweight intrusion detection and prevention system for industrial control systems. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS), St. Petersburg, Russia.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICPHYS.2018.8390813"},{"key":"ref_457","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia, L., Zonouz, S., Wei, D., and De Aguiar, L.P. (2016, January 16\u201318). Detecting PLC control corruption via on-device runtime verification. Proceedings of the 2016 Resilience Week (RWS), Chicago, IL, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/RWEEK.2016.7573309"},{"key":"ref_458","unstructured":"Lei, C., Donghong, L., and Liang, M. (2017). The Spear to Break the Security Wall of S7CommPlus, Blackhat USA."},{"key":"ref_459","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ylmaz, E.N., Ciylan, B., G\u00f6nen, S., Sindiren, E., and Karacay\u0131lmaz, G. (2018, January 25\u201326). Cyber security in industrial control systems: Analysis of DoS attacks against PLCs and the insider effect. Proceedings of the 2018 6th International Istanbul Smart Grids and Cities Congress and Fair (ICSG), Istanbul, Turkey.","DOI":"10.1109\/SGCF.2018.8408947"},{"key":"ref_460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morris, T., Vaughn, R., and Dandass, Y.S. (2011, January 12\u201314). A testbed for SCADA control system cybersecurity research and pedagogy. Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Workshop on Cyber Security and Information Intelligence Research, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/2179298.2179327"},{"key":"ref_461","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hahn, A., Kregel, B., Govindarasu, M., Fitzpatrick, J., Adnan, R., Sridhar, S., and Higdon, M. (2010, January 21\u201323). Development of the PowerCyber SCADA security testbed. Proceedings of the Sixth Annual Workshop on Cyber Security and Information Intelligence Research, Oak Ridge, TN, USA.","DOI":"10.1145\/1852666.1852690"},{"key":"ref_462","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luallen, M.E., and Labruyere, J.P. (2013, January 7\u201310). Developing a critical infrastructure and control systems cybersecurity curriculum. Proceedings of the 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Wailea, HI, USA.","DOI":"10.1109\/HICSS.2013.176"},{"key":"ref_463","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2840","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2021.3078183","article-title":"A consortium blockchain-based access control framework with dynamic orderer node selection for 5G-enabled industrial IoT","volume":"18","author":"Feng","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"ref_464","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Falkenberg, R., Masoudinejad, M., Buschhoff, M., Venkatapathy, A.K.R., Friesel, D., ten Hompel, M., Spinczyk, O., and Wietfeld, C. (2017, January 3\u20136). PhyNetLab: An IoT-based warehouse testbed. Proceedings of the 2017 Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems (FedCSIS), Prague, Czech Republic.","DOI":"10.15439\/2017F267"},{"key":"ref_465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Heymann, S., Stojanovci, L., Watson, K., Nam, S., Song, B., Gschossmann, H., Schriegel, S., and Jasperneite, J. (2018, January 4\u20137). Cloud-based plug and work architecture of the IIC testbed smart factory Web. Proceedings of the 2018 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA), Turin, Italy.","DOI":"10.1109\/ETFA.2018.8502645"},{"key":"ref_466","first-page":"5558","article-title":"Developing a security testbed for industrial internet of things","volume":"8","author":"Sitnikova","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_467","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Koroniotis, N., Moustafa, N., Schiliro, F., Gauravaram, P., and Janicke, H. (2021). The SAir-IIoT Cyber Testbed as a Service: A Novel Cybertwins Architecture in IIoT-Based Smart Airports. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., 1\u201314.","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3106378"},{"key":"ref_468","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11446","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3012022","article-title":"Design and operation of a lightweight educational testbed for Internet-of-Things applications","volume":"7","author":"AbdelHafeez","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_469","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munoz, J., Rincon, F., Chang, T., Vilajosana, X., Vermeulen, B., Walcarius, T., Van de Meerssche, W., and Watteyne, T. (May, January 29). OpenTestBed: Poor man\u2019s IoT testbed. Proceedings of the IEEE INFOCOM 2019-IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS), Paris, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/INFCOMW.2019.8845269"},{"key":"ref_470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jayavel, K., Venusamy, K., and Lavanya, G. (2020, January 7\u20139). Design and Implementation of IoT Testbed with Improved Reliability using Conditional Probability Techniques. Proceedings of the 2020 Fourth International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC), Palladam, India.","DOI":"10.1109\/I-SMAC49090.2020.9243309"},{"key":"ref_471","unstructured":"(2022, June 05). Industry IoT Consortium (IIC) Testbeds. Available online: https:\/\/www.iiconsortium.org\/test-beds\/#:~:text=A%20Testbed%20is%20a%20controlled,%2C%20services%2C%20or%20business%20development."},{"key":"ref_472","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1520\/SSMS20170006","article-title":"SMART: A system-level manufacturing and automation research testbed","volume":"1","author":"Kovalenko","year":"2017","journal-title":"Smart Sustain. Manuf. Syst."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/15\/5834\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:04:11Z","timestamp":1760141051000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/15\/5834"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]},"references-count":472,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["s22155834"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22155834","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.20944\/preprints202206.0134.v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,4]]}}}