{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T10:37:12Z","timestamp":1775731032193,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]],"date-time":"2022-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659657600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Project of Science and Technology Innovation of University Students in Zhejiang Province &amp; Project of New Talent","award":["2020R412031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R412031"]}]},{"name":"the Project of Science and Technology Innovation of University Students in Zhejiang Province &amp; Project of New Talent","award":["2021R412033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R412033"]}]},{"name":"the Project of Science and Technology Innovation of University Students in Zhejiang Province &amp; Project of New Talent","award":["202110341068X"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202110341068X"]}]},{"name":"the Project of Science and Technology Innovation of University Students in Zhejiang Province &amp; Project of New Talent","award":["202102227068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102227068"]}]},{"name":"the Project of Science and Technology Innovation of University Students in Zhejiang Province &amp; Project of New Talent","award":["202102227069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102227069"]}]},{"name":"the Project of Science and Technology Innovation of University Students in Zhejiang Province &amp; Project of New Talent","award":["KC2021058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KC2021058"]}]},{"name":"the Project of National College Students\u2019 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program, China","award":["2020R412031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R412031"]}]},{"name":"the Project of National College Students\u2019 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program, China","award":["2021R412033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R412033"]}]},{"name":"the Project of National College Students\u2019 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program, China","award":["202110341068X"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202110341068X"]}]},{"name":"the Project of National College Students\u2019 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program, China","award":["202102227068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102227068"]}]},{"name":"the Project of National College Students\u2019 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program, China","award":["202102227069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102227069"]}]},{"name":"the Project of National College Students\u2019 Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program, China","award":["KC2021058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KC2021058"]}]},{"name":"the Second Batch of Industry-Education Cooperation and Collaborative Education Project of the Ministry of Education, China","award":["2020R412031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R412031"]}]},{"name":"the Second Batch of Industry-Education Cooperation and Collaborative Education Project of the Ministry of Education, China","award":["2021R412033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R412033"]}]},{"name":"the Second Batch of Industry-Education Cooperation and Collaborative Education Project of the Ministry of Education, China","award":["202110341068X"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202110341068X"]}]},{"name":"the Second Batch of Industry-Education Cooperation and Collaborative Education Project of the Ministry of Education, China","award":["202102227068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102227068"]}]},{"name":"the Second Batch of Industry-Education Cooperation and Collaborative Education Project of the Ministry of Education, China","award":["202102227069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102227069"]}]},{"name":"the Second Batch of Industry-Education Cooperation and Collaborative Education Project of the Ministry of Education, China","award":["KC2021058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KC2021058"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University Project","award":["2020R412031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R412031"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University Project","award":["2021R412033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R412033"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University Project","award":["202110341068X"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202110341068X"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University Project","award":["202102227068"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102227068"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University Project","award":["202102227069"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102227069"]}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University Project","award":["KC2021058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KC2021058"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We designed an ultrasonic testing instrument that consisted of a single-chip microcomputer module, a digital display module, and an ultrasonic sensor module, which conveniently eliminated the troubles faced by the traditional Jolly\u2019s scale. For comparison purpose, three linear springs\u2019 stiffness factors were measured by Jolly\u2019s scale and by our ultrasonic testing instrument. We found that our instrument could more conveniently and in real time display the distance values between the ultrasonic ranging module and the horizontal bottom plate when loading different weights. By processing these distance data, we found that our instrument was more convenient for obtaining the linear springs\u2019 stiffness factors and that the results were more accurate than those of Jolly\u2019s scale. This study verified that our instrument can accurately realize the performance of Jolly\u2019s scale under diverse temperatures and humidity levels with high data reliability and perfect stability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22155878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T04:16:55Z","timestamp":1660018615000},"page":"5878","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Measurement of Linear Springs\u2019 Stiffness Factor Using Ultrasonic Sensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0052-1634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhongwei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optical Engineering, College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}]},{"given":"Xiyan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optical Engineering, College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}]},{"given":"Bohui","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optical Engineering, College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}]},{"given":"Mengyao","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optical Engineering, College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optical Engineering, College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}]},{"given":"Dezheng","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optical Engineering, College of Optical, Mechanical and Electrical, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1177\/0095244320988166","article-title":"The investigation of effects of environmental conditions on fatigue strength and spring stiffness of rubber materials","volume":"53","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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