{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T11:06:00Z","timestamp":1778756760522,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,8]],"date-time":"2022-08-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659916800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006261","name":"Taif University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["TURSP-2020\/61"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP-2020\/61"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nowadays, in a world full of uncertainties and the threat of digital and cyber-attacks, blockchain technology is one of the major critical developments playing a vital role in the creative professional world. Along with energy, finance, governance, etc., the healthcare sector is one of the most prominent areas where blockchain technology is being used. We all are aware that data constitute our wealth and our currency; vulnerability and security become even more significant and a vital point of concern for healthcare. Recent cyberattacks have raised the questions of planning, requirement, and implementation to develop more cyber-secure models. This paper is based on a blockchain that classifies network participants into clusters and preserves a single copy of the blockchain for every cluster. The paper introduces a novel blockchain mechanism for secure healthcare sector data management, which reduces the communicational and computational overhead costs compared to the existing bitcoin network and the lightweight blockchain architecture. The paper also discusses how the proposed design can be utilized to address the recognized threats. The experimental results show that, as the number of nodes rises, the suggested architecture speeds up ledger updates by 63% and reduces network traffic by 10 times.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22155921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]],"date-time":"2022-08-09T04:16:55Z","timestamp":1660018615000},"page":"5921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["A Novel Decentralized Blockchain Architecture for the Preservation of Privacy and Data Security against Cyberattacks in Healthcare"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0196-5640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ajitesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering and Applications, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akhilesh","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering and Applications, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3974-2207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ijaz","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Computer Sciences and Information Technology (ICS\/IT), The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Kumar Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering and Applications, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2360-1426","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Anushree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering and Applications, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pawan","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science Engineering, MIT Art, Design and Technology University, Pune 412201, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Alissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SAUDI ARAMCO Cybersecurity Chair, Networks and Communications Department, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. 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