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Each device determined concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and PM2.5, which characterised spatial and temporal patterns of on-road pollutants. A total of 80% road coverage (motorways, trunk, primary, and secondary roads) required 80\u2013100 taxis, but only 25 on trunk roads. Higher CO concentrations were observed in the urban centre, NO2 higher in motorway concentrations, and PM2.5 lower in the west away from the city centre. During the COVID-19 lockdown, concentrations of CO, NO2, and PM2.5 in Shanghai decreased by 32, 31 and 41%, compared with the previous period. Local contribution related to traffic emissions changed slightly before and after COVID-19 restrictions, while changing background contributions relate to seasonal variation. Mobile networks are a real-time tool for air quality monitoring, with high spatial resolution (~200 m) and robust against the loss of individual devices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22166005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]],"date-time":"2022-08-11T23:05:49Z","timestamp":1660259149000},"page":"6005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["High Resolution On-Road Air Pollution Using a Large Taxi-Based Mobile Sensor Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yuxi","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2233-8761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Brimblecombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Marine Environment and Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4512-3533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusen","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qizhen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingyan","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiguang","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Eureka Environmental Protection Hi-Tech Ltd., Shanghai 200090, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shanghai Eureka Environmental Protection Hi-Tech Ltd., Shanghai 200090, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapiens Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8223-1501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhi","family":"Ning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(00)00519-2","article-title":"Transport of Traffic-Related Aerosols in Urban Areas","volume":"257","author":"Rokita","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sci. 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