{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T10:29:43Z","timestamp":1775039383862,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]],"date-time":"2022-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["No. 62001264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 62001264"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["No. L192025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. L192025"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["No. 2018YFB1801102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2018YFB1801102"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing","award":["No. 62001264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 62001264"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing","award":["No. L192025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. L192025"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing","award":["No. 2018YFB1801102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2018YFB1801102"]}]},{"name":"National Key R &amp; D Program","award":["No. 62001264"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 62001264"]}]},{"name":"National Key R &amp; D Program","award":["No. L192025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. L192025"]}]},{"name":"National Key R &amp; D Program","award":["No. 2018YFB1801102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 2018YFB1801102"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) cooperative communication technology can combine the advantages of NOMA and cooperative communication, providing high spectrum efficiency and increasing user coverage for next-generation wireless systems. However, the research on NOMA cooperative communication technology is still in a preliminary stage and has mainly concentrated on the scenario of fewer users. This paper focuses on a user-centered NOMA collaboration system in an ultra-dense network, and it constructs a resource allocation optimization problem to meet the demands of each user. Then, this paper decomposes the optimization problem into two subproblems; one is the grouping match among multiple relays and users, and the other is jointly allocating power and subcarrier resources. Accordingly, a dynamic packet matching algorithm based on Gale\u2013Shapley and an iterative algorithm based on the difference of convex functions programing are proposed. Compared with existing schemes, the proposed algorithms can improve system throughput while ensuring the quality of service of users.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22166023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T23:44:03Z","timestamp":1660607043000},"page":"6023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Resource Allocation in Multi-Carrier Multiplexed NOMA Cooperative System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Zeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiaying","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Wireless Mobile Communications, China Academy of Telecommunication Technology, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiajia","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiejun","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shidong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"},{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900333","article-title":"Vision, requirements, and technology trend of 6G: How to tackle the challenges of system coverage, capacity, user data-rate and movement speed","volume":"27","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.3000813","article-title":"Hybrid beamforming for reconfigurable intelligent surface based multi-user communications: Achievable rates with limited discrete phase shifts","volume":"38","author":"Di","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1805","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.2996032","article-title":"Grant-free non-orthogonal multiple access for IoT: A survey","volume":"22","author":"Shahab","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-018-1807-z","article-title":"Power-domain non orthogonal multiple access (PD-NOMA) in cooperative networks: An overview","volume":"26","author":"Liaqat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Wirel. Netw."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2208","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2963185","article-title":"DeepNOMA: A Unified Framework for NOMA Using Deep Multi-Task Learning","volume":"19","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2018.2835558","article-title":"A survey of non-orthogonal multiple access for 5G","volume":"20","author":"Dai","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6750","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3098684","article-title":"Reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access systems","volume":"69","author":"Zuo","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2725519","article-title":"A survey on non-orthogonal multiple access for 5G networks: Research challenges and future trends","volume":"35","author":"Ding","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4828","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2021.3062613","article-title":"Scma codebook design based on uniquely decomposable constellation groups","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2019.2925801","article-title":"A multistage method for SCMA codebook design based on MDS codes","volume":"8","author":"Silva","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2018.2877671","article-title":"Optimal power allocation for SCMA downlink systems based on maximum capacity","volume":"67","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4235","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3068733","article-title":"Iterative receiver design for polar-coded SCMA systems","volume":"69","author":"Xiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2018.1700084","article-title":"Pattern division multiple access: A new multiple access technology for 5G","volume":"25","author":"Dai","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1109\/CC.2018.8357693","article-title":"Uplink grant-free pattern division multiple access (GF-PDMA) for 5G radio access","volume":"15","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"China Commun."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"69","article-title":"A survey of testing for 5G: Solutions, opportunities, and challenges","volume":"16","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"China Commun."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"66","article-title":"A survey on cooperative communication in wireless networks","volume":"6","author":"Shah","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst. Appl."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2018.1700687","article-title":"Cognitive non-orthogonal multiple access with cooperative relaying: A new wireless frontier for 5G spectrum sharing","volume":"56","author":"Lv","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2004.1341264","article-title":"Cooperative communication in wireless networks","volume":"42","author":"Nosratinia","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2019.2934931","article-title":"An overview of enhanced massive MIMO with array signal processing techniques","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Signal Process."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6033","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3145399","article-title":"AI-Driven Blind Signature Classification for IoT Connectivity: A Deep Learning Approach","volume":"21","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2021.07.008","article-title":"Help from space: Grant-free massive access for satellite-based IoT in the 6G era","volume":"8","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Digit. Commun. Netw."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2015.2441064","article-title":"Cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access in 5G systems","volume":"19","author":"Ding","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.011.1900601","article-title":"Cooperative NOMA: State of the art, key techniques, and open challenges","volume":"34","author":"Zeng","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Luo, L., Li, L., and Su, X. (2017, January 26\u201329). Optimization of resource allocation in relay assisted multi-user SCMA uplink network. Proceedings of the 2017 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC), Santa Clara, CA, USA."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Han, S., Zhang, J., Guo, C., and Liu, N. (2017, January 21\u201325). Full-duplex MIMO relay system design based on SCMA. Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Paris, France.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2017.7997343"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3860","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2683531","article-title":"Performance analysis of cooperative pattern division multiple access (Co-PDMA) in uplink network","volume":"5","author":"Tang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20113","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2820717","article-title":"On the performance of PDMA with decode-and-forward relaying in downlink network","volume":"6","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2017.2650992","article-title":"Optimal joint power and subcarrier allocation for full-duplex multicarrier non-orthogonal multiple access systems","volume":"65","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11833","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2018.2875601","article-title":"Subcarrier and power allocation for the downlink of multicarrier NOMA systems","volume":"67","author":"Fu","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5453","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3029754","article-title":"Cooperative wireless-powered NOMA relaying for B5G IoT networks with hardware impairments and channel estimation errors","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"97","article-title":"Non-convex mixed-integer nonlinear programming: A survey","volume":"17","author":"Burer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surv. Oper. Res. Manag. Sci."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2017.2724680","article-title":"Grouping and cooperating among access points in user-centric ultra-dense networks with non-orthogonal multiple access","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"ref_33","unstructured":"Grant, M., and Boyd, S. (2020, June 20). CVX: Matlab Software for Disciplined Convex Programming, Version 2.1. Available online: http:\/\/cvxr.com\/cvx."},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Razaviyayn, M. (2014). Successive Convex Approximation: Analysis and Applications. [Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota]."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131488","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2940969","article-title":"Performance analysis for cooperative NOMA with opportunistic relay selection","volume":"7","author":"Ju","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/16\/6023\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:07:47Z","timestamp":1760141267000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/16\/6023"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["s22166023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22166023","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,12]]}}}