{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T06:28:48Z","timestamp":1774074528096,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660521600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61671330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61671330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LGG19F010009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGG19F010009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C20170005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C20170005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018ZG019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZG019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008990","name":"Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61671330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61671330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008990","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008990","name":"Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LGG19F010009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGG19F010009"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008990","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008990","name":"Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C20170005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C20170005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008990","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008990","name":"Science and Technology Department of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018ZG019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZG019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008990","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Program","award":["61671330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61671330"]}]},{"name":"Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Program","award":["LGG19F010009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGG19F010009"]}]},{"name":"Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Program","award":["C20170005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C20170005"]}]},{"name":"Wenzhou Municipal Science and Technology Program","award":["2018ZG019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018ZG019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article reported a compact ultra-thin tightly arranged 4 \u00d7 4 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna pair (AP) functioning in the fifth-generation (5G) n78 band (3.4\u20133.6 GHz) for the ultra-thin 5G mobile handset. Two APs were printed on the center of two sideboards. A T-shaped open-ended slot was utilized in the grounding plane to improve the port impedance matching and attenuate the reciprocal magnetic coupling. A minimized total volume of 145 \u00d7 75 \u00d7 5 mm3 was obtained, and the area of each radiating unit was only 8.5 \u00d7 4.2 mm2 (0.1\u03bb0 \u00d7 0.05\u03bb0, \u03bb0 is the free-space wavelength at the frequency of 3.5 GHz). By placing two radiating elements in an exceeding closed (1 mm or 0.01167\u03bb0) distance, the designed AP precisely resonated at 3.5 GHz, and an acceptable measured isolation performance superior to 17 dB was attained. A prototype of this presented APs system was printed and tested, and remarkable consistency was observed between the simulated and measured curves. Numerous indicators were computed to assess its MIMO performance, such as Envelope Correlation Efficiency (ECC), Diversity Gain (DG), Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC), and Multiplexing Efficiency (ME).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22166091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]],"date-time":"2022-08-15T23:44:03Z","timestamp":1660607043000},"page":"6091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Compact Ultra-Thin 4 \u00d7 4 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Antenna"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Chuanba","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianlin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guiting","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5144-5614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6182","DOI":"10.1109\/TAP.2019.2925286","article-title":"Compact two-inverted-F-antenna system with highly integrated \u03c0-shaped decoupling structure","volume":"67","author":"Su","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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