{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T16:15:12Z","timestamp":1782836112926,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research University Grant, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Geran Galakan Penyelidik Muda (GGPM)","award":["GGPM-2021-05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GGPM-2021-05"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An antenna assumes a significant role in expanding the levels of communication to meet the demands of contemporary technologically based industry and private data services. In this paper, a printed compact meander line patch antenna array for wireless local-area network (WLAN) applications in the frequency span of 2.3685\u20132.4643 GHz is presented. The impedance matching of the antenna is generated by applying a partial rectangular-shaped ground plane backside of the meander line antenna. The proposed antenna evolved on the Rogers RT5880 substrate with a dielectric permittivity of 2.2, and the height of the substrate was 1.575 mm to accomplish the lowest possible return loss. The proposed antenna was developed to achieve particular outcomes, for example, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) 1.32, reflection coefficient 20 dB with a bandwidth of 94.2 MHz, a gain of 2.8 dBi, and an efficacy measurement of 97%. This antenna is appropriate for WLAN applications that utilize a 2.4 GHz resonance frequency. The overall dimensions of the antenna are 15 mm \u00d7 90.86 mm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22166180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T23:28:41Z","timestamp":1660865321000},"page":"6180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Low Profile Monopole Meander Line Antenna for WLAN Applications"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Husam Hamid","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandeep Jit","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Space Science Centre, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2852-575X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samir Salem","family":"Al-Bawri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Space Science Centre, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"},{"name":"Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Petroleum, Hadhramout University, Al-Mukalla 50512, Yemen"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3493-8000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sura Khalil","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4929-3209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Tariqul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9431-4195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed S.","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Energy Engineering, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Shabiul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2528\/PIERL10052004","article-title":"Compact Triple-Band Monopole Antenna with C-Shaped and S-Shaped Meander Strips for WLAN\/WIMAX Applications","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog. Electromagn. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ibrahim, H.H., Singh, M.S.J., Al-Bawri, S.S., and Islam, M.T. (2020). 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