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However, in the face of massive SHM data, the autonomous early warning method is still required to further reduce the burden of manual analysis. Thus, this study proposed a dynamic warning method for SHM data based on ARIMA and applied it to the concrete strain data of the Hong Kong\u2013Zhuhai\u2013Macao Bridge (HZMB) immersed tunnel. First, wavelet threshold denoising was applied to filter noise from the SHM data. Then, the feasibility and accuracy of establishing an ARIMA model were verified, and it was adopted to predict future time series of SHM data. After that, an anomaly detection scheme was proposed based on the dynamic model and dynamic threshold value, which set the confidence interval of detected anomalies based on the statistical characteristics of the historical series. Finally, a hierarchical warning system was defined to classify anomalies according to their detection threshold and enable hierarchical treatments. The illustrative example of the HZMB immersed tunnel verified that a three-level (5.5 \u03c3, 6.5 \u03c3, and 7.5 \u03c3) dynamic warning schematic can give good results of anomalies detection and greatly improves the efficiency of SHM data management of the tunnel.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22166185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]],"date-time":"2022-08-18T23:28:41Z","timestamp":1660865321000},"page":"6185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Dynamic Warning Method for Structural Health Monitoring Data Based on ARIMA: Case Study of Hong Kong\u2013Zhuhai\u2013Macao Bridge Immersed Tunnel"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Jianzhong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"},{"name":"China Merchants Chongqing Communications Technology Research & Design Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400067, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinghong","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"China Merchants Chongqing Communications Technology Research & Design Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400067, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Authority, Zhuhai 519060, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qing","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0070-6890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing","family":"Ai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.undsp.2018.02.001","article-title":"Multiscale structural analysis inspired by exceptional load cases concerning the immersed tunnel of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Undergr. 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