{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T19:54:37Z","timestamp":1778529277580,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":155,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006382","name":"University of Oviedo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAPI-18-PF-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPI-18-PF-13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006382","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006382","name":"University of Oviedo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PAPI-19-PUENTE-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPI-19-PUENTE-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006382","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006382","name":"University of Oviedo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BG20\/00027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG20\/00027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006382","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Universities of the Spanish Government","award":["PAPI-18-PF-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPI-18-PF-13"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Universities of the Spanish Government","award":["PAPI-19-PUENTE-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PAPI-19-PUENTE-4"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Universities of the Spanish Government","award":["BG20\/00027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BG20\/00027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The general objective of Analytical Chemistry, nowadays, is to obtain best-quality information in the shortest time to contribute to the resolution of real problems. In this regard, electrochemical biosensors are interesting alternatives to conventional methods thanks to their great characteristics, both those intrinsically analytical (precision, sensitivity, selectivity, etc.) and those more related to productivity (simplicity, low costs, and fast response, among others). For many years, the scientific community has made continuous progress in improving glucose biosensors, being this analyte the most important in the biosensor market, due to the large amount of people who suffer from diabetes mellitus. The sensitivity of the electrochemical techniques combined with the selectivity of the enzymatic methodologies have positioned electrochemical enzymatic sensors as the first option. This review, focusing on the electrochemical determination of glucose using paper-based analytical devices, shows recent approaches in the use of paper as a substrate for low-cost biosensing. General considerations on the principles of enzymatic detection and the design of paper-based analytical devices are given. Finally, the use of paper in enzymatic electrochemical biosensors for glucose detection, including analytical characteristics of the methodologies reported in relevant articles over the last years, is also covered.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22166232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T01:56:40Z","timestamp":1661133400000},"page":"6232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Paper-Based Enzymatic Electrochemical Sensors for Glucose Determination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3917-4713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olaya","family":"Amor-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5357-9269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Estefan\u00eda","family":"Costa-Rama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3782-5025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M. Teresa","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Abedul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.04.071","article-title":"Glucose: Detection and analysis","volume":"188","author":"Galant","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2019.07.004","article-title":"Fructose, galactose and glucose\u2014In health and disease","volume":"33","author":"Qi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr. ESPEN"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.appet.2020.104675","article-title":"What makes a beverage healthy? A qualitative study of young adults\u2019 conceptualisation of sugar-containing beverage healthfulness","volume":"150","author":"Brownbill","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appetite"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(15)00419-2","article-title":"Sweetening of the global diet, particularly beverages: Patterns, trends, and policy responses","volume":"4","author":"Popkin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1962.tb13623.x","article-title":"Electrode systems for continuous monitoring in cardiovascular surgery","volume":"102","author":"Clark","year":"1962","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3184","DOI":"10.1039\/c3cs35528d","article-title":"Biosensors: Sense and sensibility","volume":"42","author":"Turner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111835","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.111835","article-title":"The application of personal glucose meters as universal point-of-care diagnostic tools","volume":"148","author":"Lisi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.130178","article-title":"Electrochemical sensors: From the bench to the skin","volume":"344","author":"Mahato","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2019.115642","article-title":"The technology tree in the design of glucose biosensors","volume":"120","author":"Scognamiglio","year":"2019","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b04668","article-title":"Wearable chemical sensors: Emerging systems for on-body analytical chemistry","volume":"92","author":"Sempionatto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.12530","article-title":"Fifty-five years of enzyme classification: Advances and difficulties","volume":"281","author":"McDonald","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"Merko\u00e7i, A. (2020). Paper-Based Electrochemical Sensing Devices, Elsevier. [1st ed.]. Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coelec.2018.05.004","article-title":"Long-term implantable glucose biosensors","volume":"10","author":"Bobrowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Electrochem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-013-6911-4","article-title":"Sensing approaches on paper-based devices: A review","volume":"405","author":"Nery","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1179\/amb.1980.27.3.003","article-title":"New light on Robert Boyle and the discovery of colour indicators","volume":"27","author":"Eamon","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ambix"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2013.10.075","article-title":"Advances in paper-based point-of-care diagnostics","volume":"54","author":"Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.09.038","article-title":"Paper-based chemical and biological sensors: Engineering aspects","volume":"77","author":"Ahmed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1038\/162359a0","article-title":"Partition chromatography on paper, its scope and application","volume":"162","author":"Consden","year":"1948","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0380224","article-title":"Qualitative analysis of proteins: A partition chromatographic method using paper","volume":"38","author":"Consden","year":"1944","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(56)90103-6","article-title":"The latex fixation test. I. Application to the serologic diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"21","author":"Singer","year":"1956","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"May, K., Prior, M.E., and Richards, I. (1997). Capillary Immunoassay and Device Therefor Comprising Mobilizable Particulate Labelled Reagents, Inverness Medical Switzerland GmbH."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Campbell, R.L., Wagner, D.B., and O\u2019Connell, J.P. (1987). Solid-Phase Assay with Visual Readout. (4,703,017), U.S. Patent."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.200603817","article-title":"Patterned paper as a platform for inexpensive, low-volume, portable bioassays","volume":"46","author":"Martinez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1021\/ac50106a012","article-title":"Applications of confined spot tests in analytical chemistry: Preliminary paper","volume":"9","author":"Yagoda","year":"1937","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60033a032","article-title":"Automatic paper chromatography","volume":"21","author":"Clegg","year":"1949","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b04581","article-title":"Paper-based microfluidic eevices: Emerging themes and applications","volume":"89","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1021\/ac503968p","article-title":"Recent developments in paper-based microfluidic devices","volume":"87","author":"Cate","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11505","DOI":"10.3390\/s120911505","article-title":"Recent advances in paper-based sensors","volume":"12","author":"Liana","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-fluid-122109-160700","article-title":"Fluid mechanics of papermaking","volume":"43","author":"Lundell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2009.05.005","article-title":"Bioactive paper provides a low-cost platform for diagnostics","volume":"28","author":"Pelton","year":"2009","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018431705579","article-title":"Cellulose: The structure slowly unravels","volume":"4","year":"1997","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201300780","article-title":"Omniphobic \u201cRF paper\u201d produced by silanization of paper with fluoroalkyltrichlorosilanes","volume":"24","author":"Glavan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9013989","article-title":"Diagnostics for the developing world: Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices","volume":"82","author":"Martinez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.200901363","article-title":"Foldable printed circuit boards on paper substrates","volume":"20","author":"Siegel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1935","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201004692","article-title":"Paper electronics","volume":"23","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11999","DOI":"10.1021\/ac5020782","article-title":"Folding analytical devices for electrochemical ELISA in hydrophobic R H paper","volume":"86","author":"Glavan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flores-Hernandez, D.R., Santamaria-Garcia, V.J., Melchor-Mart\u00ednez, E.M., Eduardo, J., Parra-Sald\u00edvar, R., and Bonilla-Rios, J. (2021). Paper and other fibrous materials\u2014A complete platform for biosensing applications. Biosensors, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11050128"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-018-0295-3","article-title":"REASSURED diagnostics to inform disease control strategies, strengthen health systems and improve patient outcomes","volume":"4","author":"Land","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-016-1841-4","article-title":"Lab-on-paper micro- and nano-analytical devices: Fabrication, modification, detection and emerging applications","volume":"183","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6326","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.6b00568","article-title":"A paper-based pop-up electrochemical device for analysis of beta-hydroxybutyrate","volume":"88","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2016.11.008","article-title":"Paper-based maskless enzymatic sensor for glucose determination combining ink and wire electrodes","volume":"93","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.04.006","article-title":"Sampling and multiplexing in lab-on-paper bioelectroanalytical devices for glucose determination","volume":"135","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6925","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201202929","article-title":"Aptamer-based origami paper analytical device for electrochemical detection of adenosine","volume":"51","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Angew. Chem. Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2016.03.027","article-title":"Fully-drawn pencil-on-paper sensors for electroanalysis of dopamine","volume":"769","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.elecom.2016.11.015","article-title":"Disposable electrochemical paper-based devices fully fabricated by screen-printing technique","volume":"75","author":"Casuso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Electrochem. Commun."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1021\/ac991213d","article-title":"A disposable amperometric sensor screen printed on a nitrocellulose strip: A glucose biosensor employing lead oxide as an interference-removing agent","volume":"72","author":"Cui","year":"2000","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-9140(01)00377-0","article-title":"Disposable amperometric glucose sensor electrode with enzyme-immobilized nitrocellulose strip","volume":"54","author":"Cui","year":"2001","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2021.130253","article-title":"Continuous capillary-flow sensing of glucose and lactate in sweat with an electrochemical sensor based on functionalized graphene oxide","volume":"344","author":"Poletti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1080\/14737159.2017.1285228","article-title":"Paper-based analytical devices for clinical diagnosis: Recent advances in the fabrication techniques and sensing mechanisms","volume":"17","author":"Sher","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Diagn."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9020193","article-title":"Fabrication and characterization of paper-based microfluidics prepared in nitrocellulose membrane by Wax printing","volume":"82","author":"Lu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmt.2021.101305","article-title":"Nitrocellulose membrane for paper-based biosensor","volume":"26","author":"Tang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Mater. Today"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2009.12.053","article-title":"Flexible ethanol sensors on glossy paper substrates operating at room temperature","volume":"145","author":"Arena","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8447","DOI":"10.1021\/ac901307q","article-title":"Quantifying colorimetric assays in paper-based microfluidic devices by measuring the transmission of light through paper","volume":"81","author":"Ellerbee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2146","DOI":"10.1039\/b811135a","article-title":"FLASH: A rapid method for prototyping paper-based microfluidic devices","volume":"8","author":"Martinez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2742","DOI":"10.1039\/C4AN00097H","article-title":"Fabrication of disposable electrochemical devices using silver ink and office paper","volume":"139","author":"Paix","year":"2014","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1806739","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201806739","article-title":"Disposable Sensors in diagnostics, food, and environmental monitoring","volume":"31","author":"Dincer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2017.05.027","article-title":"Point-of-need simultaneous electrochemical detection of lead and cadmium using low-cost stencil-printed transparency electrodes","volume":"981","author":"Henry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2017.01.029","article-title":"Integration of gold-sputtered electrofluidic paper on wire-included analytical platforms for glucose biosensing","volume":"91","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93162","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA16272F","article-title":"Microfluidic paper analytical device for the chromatographic separation of ascorbic acid and dopamine","volume":"5","author":"Murphy","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1039\/B917150A","article-title":"Electrochemical sensing in paper-based microfluidic devices","volume":"10","author":"Nie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19606","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810903105","article-title":"Three-dimensional microfluidic devices fabricated in layered paper and tape","volume":"105","author":"Martinez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5426","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.7b01170","article-title":"Nanocellulose in sensing and biosensing","volume":"29","author":"Golmohammadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem. Mater."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"153","article-title":"Nanofibrillated cellulose as an additive in papermaking process","volume":"154","author":"Boufi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cellul. Nanofibre Compos. Prod. Prop. Appl."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cocis.2017.01.005","article-title":"Recent advances in the application of cellulose nanocrystals","volume":"29","author":"Grishkewich","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1039\/C1LC20764D","article-title":"Flexible microfluidic cloth-based analytical devices using a low-cost wax patterning technique","volume":"12","author":"Nilghaz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2618","DOI":"10.1039\/c1lc20336c","article-title":"Microfluidics made of yarns and knots: From fundamental properties to simple networks and operations","volume":"11","author":"Safavieh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18570","DOI":"10.1038\/srep18570","article-title":"Lignocellulose-based analytical devices: Bamboo as an analytical platform for chemical detection","volume":"5","author":"Kuan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2012.06.019","article-title":"A disposable electrochemical immunosensor based on carbon screen-printed electrodes for the detection of prostate specific antigen","volume":"38","author":"Yan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3885","DOI":"10.1039\/C6LC00975A","article-title":"Coated and uncoated cellophane as materials for microplates and open-channel microfluidics devices","volume":"16","author":"Hamedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanco, A., and Blanco, G. (2017). Enzymes. Medical Biochemistry, Elsevier. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-803550-4.00008-2"},{"key":"ref_71","unstructured":"(2022, July 31). International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (IUBMB) The Enzyme Database. Available online: https:\/\/iubmb.qmul.ac.uk\/."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaat9797","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aat9797","article-title":"Emerging concepts in pseudoenzyme classification, evolution, and signaling","volume":"12","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Signal."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4357","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.8b00672","article-title":"Nanozymes: Classification, catalytic mechanisms, activity regulation, and applications","volume":"119","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2011.09.003","article-title":"Immobilization strategies to develop enzymatic biosensors","volume":"30","author":"Sassolas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2015.08.041","article-title":"Evaluation of enzyme immobilization methods for paper-based devices-A glucose oxidase study","volume":"117","author":"Nery","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.3389\/fchem.2018.00214","article-title":"Covalent attachment of enzymes to paper fibers for paper-based analytical devices","volume":"6","author":"Trosien","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Chem."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2005.04.006","article-title":"Enzyme association with lipidic Langmuir\u2013Blodgett films: Interests and applications in nanobioscience","volume":"116","author":"Godoy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Adv. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2010.04.033","article-title":"Recent progress in bio-sensing techniques with encapsulated enzymes","volume":"26","author":"Park","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/0956-5663(95)96844-O","article-title":"The characterization of liposomal glucose oxidase electrodes for the measurement of glucose","volume":"10","author":"Taylor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.240","article-title":"Enzyme embedded metal organic framework (enzyme\u2013MOF): De novo approaches for immobilization","volume":"149","author":"Nadar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.03.034","article-title":"Advanced biosensors for glucose and insulin","volume":"141","author":"Sabu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/S0956-5663(01)00313-X","article-title":"Mediated biosensors","volume":"17","author":"Chaubey","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10248","DOI":"10.1002\/btm2.10248","article-title":"Fourth-generation glucose sensors composed of copper nanostructures for diabetes management: A critical review","volume":"7","author":"Naikoo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioeng. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681100500507","article-title":"Review of glucose oxidases and glucose dehydrogenases: A bird\u2019s eye view of glucose sensing enzymes","volume":"5","author":"Ferri","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1021\/cr068123a","article-title":"Electrochemical glucose biosensors","volume":"108","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2009.04.003","article-title":"Glucose oxidase-an overview","volume":"27","author":"Bankar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/s00604-021-04946-3","article-title":"Fully integrated sampler and dilutor in an electrochemical paper-based device for glucose sensing","volume":"188","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microchim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2012.03.039","article-title":"Comparative study of different alcohol sensors based on screen-printed carbon electrodes","volume":"728","author":"Rama","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.201501143","article-title":"Electrochemistry on paper-based analytical devices: A Review","volume":"28","author":"Mettakoonpitak","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5821","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9007573","article-title":"Electrochemical detection for paper-based microfluidics","volume":"81","author":"Dungchai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_91","unstructured":"Bard, A.J., and Faulkner, L.R. (2001). Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications, John Wiley & Sons. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1039\/C7LC01300K","article-title":"Rapid flow in multilayer microfluidic paper-based analytical devices","volume":"18","author":"Channon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2015.07.019","article-title":"Electrochemical detection in paper-based analytical devices using microwire electrodes","volume":"891","author":"Adkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2020.129205","article-title":"Cobalt metal-organic framework modified carbon cloth\/paper hybrid electrochemical button-sensor for nonenzymatic glucose diagnostics","volume":"329","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1039\/C9LC00903E","article-title":"Electrochemical paper-based devices: Sensing approaches and progress toward practical applications","volume":"20","author":"Noviana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11835","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.0c01335","article-title":"Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices: From design to applications","volume":"121","author":"Noviana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. Rec."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2020.112506","article-title":"Engineering strategies for enhancing the performance of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices","volume":"167","author":"Baharfar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2022.116140","article-title":"The recent development of nanomaterials enhanced paper-based electrochemical analytical devices","volume":"909","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2014.03.008","article-title":"Nanomaterial-enhanced paper-based biosensors","volume":"58","author":"Ge","year":"2014","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1039\/C2CS35255A","article-title":"Paper-based nanobiosensors for diagnostics","volume":"42","author":"Parolo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5320","DOI":"10.1039\/C4CS00369A","article-title":"Electrochemistry, biosensors and microfluidics: A convergence of fields","volume":"44","author":"Rackus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Soc. Rev."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2015.10.032","article-title":"Fabrication techniques for microfluidic paper-based analytical devices and their applications for biological testing: A review","volume":"77","author":"Xia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7091","DOI":"10.1021\/ac901071p","article-title":"Understanding wax printing: A simple micropatterning process for paper-based microfluidics","volume":"81","author":"Carrilho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1039\/c004821f","article-title":"Microfluidics without pumps: Reinventing the T-sensor and H-filter in paper networks","volume":"10","author":"Osborn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1021\/acssensors.8b00335","article-title":"Paper capillary enables effective sampling for microfluidic paper analytical devices","volume":"3","author":"Shangguan","year":"2018","journal-title":"ACS Sens."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7030","DOI":"10.1021\/la501212b","article-title":"Three-dimensional wax patterning of paper fluidic devices","volume":"30","author":"Renault","year":"2014","journal-title":"Langmuir"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5294","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201411508","article-title":"Paper-based inkjet-printed microfluidic analytical devices","volume":"54","author":"Yamada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Angew. Chemie Int. Ed."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tortorich, R.P., Shamkhalichenar, H., and Choi, J.W. (2018). Inkjet-printed and paper-based electrochemical sensors. Appl. Sci., 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/app8020288"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1039\/C5LC00044K","article-title":"Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices fabricated by low-cost photolithography and embossing of Parafilm\u00ae","volume":"15","author":"Yu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2019.127213","article-title":"Low cost fabrication of micro\ufb02uidic paper-based analytical devices with water-based polyurethane acrylate and their application for bacterial detection","volume":"303","author":"Lin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.saa.2019.117341","article-title":"Fabrication of paper-based microfluidic device by recycling foamed plastic and the application for multiplexed measurement of biomarkers","volume":"223","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10404-016-1726-1","article-title":"Controlling capillary-driven surface flow on a paper-based microfluidic channel","volume":"20","author":"Songok","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microfluid. Nanofluidics"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6121","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.201601821","article-title":"Paper-based surfaces with extreme wettabilities for novel, open-channel microfluidic devices","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Funct. Mater."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2019.120113","article-title":"T-shirt ink for one-step screen-printing of hydrophobic barriers for 2D- and 3D-microfluidic paper-based analytical devices","volume":"205","author":"Sitanurak","year":"2019","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sadri, B., Goswami, D., and Martinez, R.V. (2018). Rapid fabrication of epidermal paper-based electronic devices using razor printing. Micromachines, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi9090420"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-018-3776-z","article-title":"Laser-cut paper-based device for the detection of dengue non-structural NS1 protein and specific IgM in human samples","volume":"163","author":"Theillet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch. Virol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1039\/c0lc00512f","article-title":"Laser-treated hydrophobic paper: An inexpensive microfluidic platform","volume":"11","author":"Chitnis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1039\/C5LC00867K","article-title":"Electroanalytical devices with pins and thread","volume":"16","author":"Glavan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2019.04.024","article-title":"Real time monitoring of glucose in whole blood by smartphone","volume":"136","author":"Erenas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2017.07.070","article-title":"Combination of electrochemical biosensor and textile threads: A microfluidic device for phenol determination in tap water","volume":"99","author":"Caetano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lim, H., Jafry, A.T., and Lee, J. (2019). Fabrication, flow control, and applications of microfluidic paper-based analytical devices. Molecules, 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24162869"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10337-013-2413-y","article-title":"Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (\u03bcPADs) and micro total analysis systems (\u03bcTAS): Development, applications and future trends","volume":"76","author":"Lisowski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chromatographia"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1007\/s13206-014-8308-7","article-title":"Paper-based glucose biosensing system utilizing a smartphone as a signal reader","volume":"8","author":"Chun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biochip J."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2019.01.009","article-title":"Paper-based microfluidic devices for glucose assays employing a metal-organic framework (MOF)","volume":"1055","author":"Ilacas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4616","DOI":"10.1021\/ja4118544","article-title":"Electrochemistry in hollow-channel paper analytical devices","volume":"136","author":"Renault","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colozza, N., Caratelli, V., Moscone, D., and Arduini, F. (2021). Origami paper-based electrochemical (bio)sensors: State of the art and perspective. Biosensors, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11090328"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10733","DOI":"10.1021\/ac4014868","article-title":"Three-dimensional paper-based microfluidic device for assays of protein and glucose in urine","volume":"85","author":"Sechi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2018.12.001","article-title":"Low-cost fabrication of a paper-based microfluidic using a folded pattern paper","volume":"1053","author":"Xie","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matsuda, Y., Sakai, K., Yamaguchi, H., and Niimi, T. (2019). Electrophoretic separation on an origami paper-based analytical device using a portable power bank. Sensors, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/s19071724"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.protcy.2017.04.011","article-title":"Integrated electrophoresis separation and electrochemical detection in a paper-based device","volume":"27","year":"2017","journal-title":"Procedia Technol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2019.02.046","article-title":"Flow controllable three-dimensional paper-based microfluidic analytical devices fabricated by 3D printing technology","volume":"1065","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4919","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-019-01788-0","article-title":"Salivary diagnostics on paper microfluidic devices and their use as wearable sensors for glucose monitoring","volume":"411","author":"Duarte","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3659","DOI":"10.1021\/ac5004294","article-title":"Wire, mesh, and fiber electrodes for paper-based electroanalytical devices","volume":"86","author":"Fosdick","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"054402","DOI":"10.1088\/1468-6996\/14\/5\/054402","article-title":"A microfluidic paper-based electrochemical biosensor array for multiplexed detection of metabolic biomarkers","volume":"14","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.05.015","article-title":"Paper-based synthesis of Prussian Blue nanoparticles for the development of whole blood glucose electrochemical biosensor","volume":"187","author":"Cinti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2018.02.061","article-title":"Glucose biosensor based on disposable electrochemical paper-based transducers fully fabricated by screen-printing","volume":"109","author":"Grande","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2019.05.081","article-title":"Electrochemical paper-based microfluidic device for high throughput multiplexed analysis","volume":"203","author":"Fava","year":"2019","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2019.10.049","article-title":"A novel 3D paper-based microfluidic electrochemical glucose biosensor based on rGO-TEPA\/PB sensitive film","volume":"1096","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1039\/C7AN01837A","article-title":"A three-dimensional electrochemical paper-based analytical device for low-cost diagnostics","volume":"143","author":"Punjiya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5674","DOI":"10.1039\/C8RA09157A","article-title":"Three-dimensional paper-based microfluidic electrochemical integrated devices (3D-PMED) for wearable electrochemical glucose detection","volume":"9","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2019.03.033","article-title":"Three-dimensional paper based platform for automatically running multiple assays in a single step","volume":"200","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pesaran, S., Rafatmah, E., and Hemmateenejad, B. (2021). An all-in-one solid state thin-layer potentiometric sensor and biosensor based on three-dimensional origami paper microfluidics. Biosensors, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11020044"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.10.113","article-title":"A low-cost paper-based inkjet-printed platform for electrochemical analyses","volume":"177","author":"Vanamo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2012.11.002","article-title":"A new approach for paper-based analytical devices with electrochemical detection based on graphite pencil electrodes","volume":"177","author":"Santhiago","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1002\/elan.201600210","article-title":"Flow in a paper-based bioactive channel-study on electrochemical detection of glucose and uric acid","volume":"28","author":"WitkowskaNery","year":"2016","journal-title":"Electroanalysis"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2016.03.031","article-title":"Fully-drawn origami paper analytical device for electrochemical detection of glucose","volume":"231","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernalte, E., Foster, C.W., Brownson, D.A.C., Mosna, M., Smith, G.C., and Banks, C.E. (2016). Pencil it in: Exploring the feasibility of hand-drawn pencil electrochemical sensors and their direct comparison to screen-printed electrodes. Biosensors, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/bios6030045"},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5054","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201505823","article-title":"Integrating Electronics and Microfluidics on Paper","volume":"28","author":"Hamedi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Mater."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cho, E., Mohammadifar, M., and Choi, S. (2017). A single-use, self-powered, paper-based sensor patch for detection of exercise-induced hypoglycemia. Micromachines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi8090265"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2716","DOI":"10.1039\/C9AN02413A","article-title":"Paper-based electrodes modified with cobalt phthalocyanine colloid for the determination of hydrogen peroxide and glucose","volume":"145","year":"2020","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2013.06.021","article-title":"Electrochemical detection of glucose from whole blood using paper-based microfluidic devices","volume":"788","author":"Noiphung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2013.12.067","article-title":"A paper disk equipped with graphene\/polyaniline\/Au nanoparticles\/glucose oxidase biocomposite modified screen-printed electrode: Toward whole blood glucose determination","volume":"56","author":"Kong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biosens. Bioelectron."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2015.11.040","article-title":"Paper-based enzymatic reactors for batch injection analysis of glucose on 3D printed cell coupled with amperometric detection","volume":"226","author":"Dias","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2013.11.054","article-title":"A \u201cgreen\u201d cellulose paper based glucose amperometric biosensor","volume":"193","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sens. Actuators B Chem."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.05.082","article-title":"A disposable, simple, fast and low-cost paper-based biosensor and its application to the determination of glucose in commercial orange juices","volume":"265","author":"Novell","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/16\/6232\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:12:28Z","timestamp":1760141548000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/16\/6232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"references-count":155,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["s22166232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22166232","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]}}}