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A digital interface is one novel approach for sensor technologies, digital transformation and the Internet of Things (IoT) in particular. Frequency output sensors and inductance-to-digital converter (LDC) demonstrated significant advantages in comparison with conventional sensors with analog-to-digital converter (ADC) interfaces. In order for the differential inductive frequency output displacement (DIFOD) sensor to meet the high-stability requirements of segmented mirror astronomical telescopes, it is important to understand the factors for time drift of the sensor. This paper focuses on the investigation of key factors of sensor structure and material, signal conditioning and interface, and fixtures for time drift to permanently installed applications. First, the measurement principle and probe structural characteristics of the sensor are analyzed. Then, two kinds of signal conditioning and digitalization methods using resonance circuits and LDC chips are implemented and compared. Finally, the time drift stability experiments are performed on the sensors with different signal conditioning methods and fixtures under controlled temperature. Experimental results show that the magnetic shield ring effectively improves the sensitivity and quality factor of the sensors, the time drift stability of the sensor using the signal conditioning based on resonance circuits is better than that of the sensors using LDC chips, and the root mean square (RMS) of the sensor time drift meets the requirement of 0.01 \u03bcm\/24 h. This study will help further development of high-stability of frequency output sensors and IoT-based systems for scaled-up applications in the future.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22166234","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T01:56:40Z","timestamp":1661133400000},"page":"6234","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Research on the Time Drift Stability of Differential Inductive Displacement Sensors with Frequency Output"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4264-6761","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaolong","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7563-1523","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guiyun","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK"},{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongwen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wentao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dehua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2453-1995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haoran","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"You","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Astronomical Observatories, Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jijun","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Astronomical Observatories, Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2179-3698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Astronomical Observatories, Nanjing Institute of Astronomical Optics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210042, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1088\/1674-4527\/12\/9\/003","article-title":"The Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST)","volume":"12","author":"Cui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. 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