{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T18:38:35Z","timestamp":1785436715893,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"16","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]],"date-time":"2022-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The management of water resources is a priority problem in agriculture, especially in areas with a limited water supply. The determination of crop water requirements and crop coefficient (Kc) of agricultural crops helps to create an appropriate irrigation schedule for the effective management of irrigation water. A portable smart weighing lysimeter (1000 \u00d7 1000 mm and 600 mm depth) was developed at CPCT, IARI, New Delhi for real-time measurement of Crop Coefficient (Kc) and water requirement of chrysanthemum crop and bulk data storage. The paper discusses the assembly, structural and operational design of the portable smart weighting lysimeter. The performance characteristics of the developed lysimeter were evaluated under different load conditions. The Kc values of the chrysanthemum crop obtained from the lysimeter installed inside the greenhouse were Kc ini. 0.43 and 0.38, Kc mid-1.27 and 1.25, and Kc end-0.67 and 0.59 for the years 2019\u20132020 and 2020\u20132021, respectively, which apprehensively corroborated with the FAO 56 paper for determination of crop coefficient. The Kc values decreased progressively at the late-season stage because of the maturity and aging of the leaves. The lysimeter\u2019s edge temperature was somewhat higher, whereas the center temperature closely matched the field temperature. The temperature difference between the center and the edge increased as the ambient temperature rose. The developed smart lysimeter system has unique applications due to its real-time measurement, portable attribute, and ability to produce accurate results for determining crop water use and crop coefficient for greenhouse chrysanthemum crops.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22166239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T01:56:40Z","timestamp":1661133400000},"page":"6239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Development of Smart Weighing Lysimeter for Measuring Evapotranspiration and Developing Crop Coefficient for Greenhouse Chrysanthemum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3597-385X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atish","family":"Sagar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR\u2014Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murtaza","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology, ICAR\u2014Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhirendra Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR\u2014Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6790-2653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadhir","family":"Al-Ansari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 97187 Lulea, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debashis","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR\u2014Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mam Chand","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Protected Cultivation Technology, ICAR\u2014Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mir Asif","family":"Iquebal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi 110012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR\u2014Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Malkani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR\u2014Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2421-6995","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinesh Kumar","family":"Vishwakarma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, G. B. Pant, University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263145, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5506-9502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed","family":"Elbeltagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Engineering Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., and Smith, M. (1998). Crop Evapotranspiration\u2014Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements, FAO. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Doorenbos, J. (1975). Guidelines for Predicting Crop Water Requirements, Food and Agriculture Organization. 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