{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T16:34:19Z","timestamp":1781109259138,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"INTI International University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The widespread adoption of cyber-physical systems and other cutting-edge digital technology in manufacturing industry production facilities may motivate stakeholders to embrace the idea of Industry 4.0. Some industrial companies already have different sensors installed on their machines; however, without proper analysis, the data collected is not useful. This systematic review\u2019s main goal is to synthesize the existing evidence on the application of predictive maintenance (PdM) with visual aids and to identify the key knowledge gaps in areas including utilities, power generation, industry, and energy consumption. After a thorough search and evaluation for relevancy, 37 documents were identified. Moreover, we identified the visual analytics of PdM, including anomaly detection, planning\/scheduling, exploratory data analysis (EDA), and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). The findings revealed that anomaly detection was a major domain in PdM-related works. We conclude that most of the literature lacks depth in terms of an overall framework that combines data-driven and knowledge-driven techniques of PdM in the manufacturing industry. Some works that utilized both techniques indicated promising results, but there is insufficient research on involving maintenance personnel\u2019s feedback in the latter stage of PdM architecture. Thus, there are still pertinent issues that need to be investigated, and limitations that need to be overcome before PdM is deployed with minimal human involvement.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22176321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T02:55:34Z","timestamp":1661309734000},"page":"6321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Systematic Literature Review on Visual Analytics of Predictive Maintenance in the Manufacturing Industry"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Xiang","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of IR4.0, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6839-0784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun Kit","family":"Chaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of IR4.0, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kam Meng","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Kampus Utama, Jalan Genting Kelang, Kuala Lumpur 53300, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tin Tin","family":"Ting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4634-8021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shafrida","family":"Sahrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of IR4.0, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3639-1157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Nazir","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of IR4.0, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rabiah","family":"Abdul Kadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of IR4.0, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5316-3936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei Choo","family":"Ang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of IR4.0, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-020-00267-9","article-title":"Industry 4.0, a Revolution That Requires Technology and National Strategies","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Complex Intell. 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