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Nevertheless, most of the work to date has focused on applying the toolkit to data measured with commercially available sensors. We demonstrate the application of the HeartPy functions to data obtained with a novel graphene-based heartbeat sensor. We produce the sensor by laser-inducing graphene on a flexible polyimide substrate. Both graphene on the polyimide substrate and graphene transferred onto a PDMS substrate show piezoresistive behavior that can be utilized to measure human heartbeat by registering median cubital vein motion during blood pumping. We process electrical resistance data from the graphene sensor using HeartPy and demonstrate extraction of several heartbeat parameters, in agreement with measurements taken with independent reference sensors. We compare the quality of the heartbeat signal from graphene on different substrates, demonstrating that in all cases the device yields results consistent with reference sensors. Our work is a first demonstration of successful application of HeartPy to analysis of data from a sensor in development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22176326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T02:55:34Z","timestamp":1661309734000},"page":"6326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Laser-Induced Graphene for Heartbeat Monitoring with HeartPy Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3460-6137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teodora","family":"Vi\u0107enti\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8170-746X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milena","family":"Ra\u0161lji\u0107 Rafajilovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1721-9039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan D.","family":"Ili\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6118-9044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bojana","family":"Koteska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering (FCSE), \u201cSs. Cyril and Methodius\u201d University, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0906-3548","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Madevska Bogdanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering (FCSE), \u201cSs. Cyril and Methodius\u201d University, 1000 Skopje, North Macedonia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1000-9784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Igor A.","family":"Pa\u0161ti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11158 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fedor","family":"Lehocki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies, Slovak University of Technology, 842 16 Bratislava, Slovakia"},{"name":"Institute of Measurement Science of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2173-0972","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marko","family":"Spasenovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Microelectronic Technologies, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhu, X., and Cahan, A. 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