{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T13:39:17Z","timestamp":1777210757861,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]],"date-time":"2022-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661212800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad de Guanajuato","award":["208\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["208\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de Guanajuato","award":["144\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["144\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Universidad de Guanajuato","award":["1154380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1154380"]}]},{"name":"Mexican National Council for Science and Technology","award":["208\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["208\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Mexican National Council for Science and Technology","award":["144\/2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["144\/2022"]}]},{"name":"Mexican National Council for Science and Technology","award":["1154380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1154380"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This work presents a novel methodology to implement a fuzzy inference system (FIS) to overcome the measurement ambiguity that is typically observed in interferometric sensors. This ambiguity occurs when the measurand is determined by tracing the wavelength position of a peak or dip of a spectral fringe. Consequently, the sensor measurement range is typically limited to the equivalent of 1 free spectral range (FSR). Here, it is demonstrated that by using the proposed methodology, the measurement range of this type of sensor can be widened several times by overcoming the ambiguity over some FSR periods. Furthermore, in order to support the viability of the methodology, it was applied to a couple of temperature interferometric sensors. Finally, experimental results demonstrated that it was possible to quintuple the measurement range of one of the tested sensors with a mean absolute error of MAE = 0.0045 \u00b0C, while for the second sensor, the measurement range was doubled with an MAE = 0.0073 \u00b0C.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22176331","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,24]],"date-time":"2022-08-24T02:55:34Z","timestamp":1661309734000},"page":"6331","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Implementation of a Fuzzy Inference System to Enhance the Measurement Range of Multilayer Interferometric Sensors"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5480-3384","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Everardo","family":"Vargas-Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Estudios Multidisciplinarios, Universidad de Guanajuato, Yuriria 38940, Guanajuato, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5545-6852","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Dinora","family":"Guzman-Chavez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Estudios Multidisciplinarios, Universidad de Guanajuato, Yuriria 38940, Guanajuato, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9320-7021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafael","family":"Guzman-Cabrera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda El\u00e9ctrica, Universidad de Guanajuato, Salamanca 36885, Guanajuato, Mexico"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6176-1071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anderson Smith","family":"Florez-Fuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Estudios Multidisciplinarios, Universidad de Guanajuato, Yuriria 38940, Guanajuato, Mexico"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/JPHOT.2021.3121569","article-title":"An optical Fiber Pressure Sensor with Ultra-Thin Epoxy Film and High Sensitivity Characteristics Based on Blowing Bubble Method","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26805","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2021.3121869","article-title":"Double F-P Interference Optical Fiber High Temperature Gas Pressure Sensor Based on Suspended Core Fiber","volume":"21","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6621","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3151368","article-title":"An Ultra-Simple Microchannel-Free Fiber-Optic Gas-Pressure Sensor with Ultra-Fast Response","volume":"22","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23484","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.23.023484","article-title":"Fiber-tip gas pressure sensor based on dual capillaries","volume":"23","author":"Xu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, C.T., Chang, Y.W., Yang, Y.J., and Lee, C.L. (2017). A Dual-Polymer Fiber Fizeau Interferometer for Simultaneous Measurement of Relative Humidity and Temperature. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17112659"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, H., Gao, S.C., Luo, Y.H., Chen, Z.S., Xiong, S.S., Wan, L., Huang, X.C., Huang, B.S., Feng, Y.H., and He, M. (2018). Ultrasensitive Mach-Zehnder Interferometric Temperature Sensor Based on Liquid-Filled D-Shaped Fiber Cavity. Sensors, 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/s18041239"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"86","article-title":"Refractive index desensitized optical fiber temperature sensor","volume":"85","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. Fac. Ing. Univ. Antioq."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1","article-title":"UV-Curable Polymer Microhemisphere-Based Fiber-Optic Fabry\u2013Perot Interferometer for Simultaneous Measurement of Refractive Index and Temperature","volume":"6","author":"Tan","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics J."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14483","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.25.014483","article-title":"Hybrid Fabry-Perot interferometer for simultaneous liquid refractive index and temperature measurement","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.16.002252","article-title":"Laser-micromachined Fabry-Perot optical fiber tip sensor for high-resolution temperature-independent measurement of refractive index","volume":"16","author":"Ran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Opt. Express"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1109\/LSENS.2019.2937378","article-title":"A Self-Referencing Intensity-Based Fabry\u2013Perot Cavity for Curvature Measurement","volume":"3","author":"Novais","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Sensors Lett."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2015.2478957","article-title":"Micrometer wire assisted inline Mach\u2013Zehnder interferometric curvature sensor","volume":"28","author":"Dass","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez Tamayo, R.I., Dur\u00e1n-S\u00e1nchez, M., Prieto-Cort\u00e9s, P., Salceda-Delgado, G., Castillo-Guzm\u00e1n, A.A., Selvas-Aguilar, R., Ibarra-Escamilla, B., and Kuzin, E.A. (2017). All-Fiber Laser Curvature Sensor Using an In-Fiber Modal Interferometer Based on a Double Clad Fiber and a Multimode Fiber Structure. Sensors, 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/s17122744"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2020.3044118","article-title":"Nano-Displacement Measurement Using an Optical Drop-Shaped Structure","volume":"33","author":"Robalinho","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1576","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2017.2784540","article-title":"Optical Fiber Fabry\u2013Perot Tip Sensor for Detection of Water\u2013Glycerin Mixtures","volume":"36","author":"Novais","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Light. Technol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alagappan, G., Ong, J.R., Yang, Z., Ang, T.Y.L., Zhao, W., Jiang, Y., Zhang, W., and Png, C.E. (2022). Leveraging AI in Photonics and Beyond. Photonics, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/photonics9020075"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Venketeswaran, A., Lalam, N., Wuenschell, J., Ohodnicki, P.R., Badar, M., Chen, K.P., Lu, P., Duan, Y., Chorpening, B., and Buric, M. (2022). Recent Advances in Machine Learning for Fiber Optic Sensor Applications. Adv. Intell. Syst., 4.","DOI":"10.1002\/aisy.202100067"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14134","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2022.3183475","article-title":"Machine learning implementation for unambiguous refractive index measurement using a self-referenced fiber refractometer","volume":"22","author":"Monga","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2022.3193641","article-title":"Viability of Artificial Neural Networks for Widen the Measurement Range of Interferometric Sensors","volume":"34","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akhoondzadeh, M., and Marchetti, D. (2022). Developing a Fuzzy Inference System Based on Multi-Sensor Data to Predict Powerful Earthquake Parameters. Remote Sens., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14133203"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colella, Y., Valente, A.S., Rossano, L., Trunfio, T.A., Fiorillo, A., and Improta, G. (2022). A Fuzzy Inference System for the Assessment of Indoor Air Quality in an Operating Room to Prevent Surgical Site Infection. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19063533"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1590\/1809-4430-eng.agric.v39n1p18-25\/2019","article-title":"Fuzzy model for predicting cloacal temperature of broiler chickens under thermal stress","volume":"39","author":"Abreu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eng. Agr\u00edcola"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, N., Peng, X., and Kong, L. (2021). Optimum Design of a Composite Optical Receiver by Taguchi and Fuzzy Logic Methods. Micromachines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/mi12121434"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, T.L., and Kuo, Y.L. (2015). Optimization of Mechanical Properties of UV-cut Polyester Fiber Using a Hybrid Taguchi and Fuzzy Approach. J. Eng. Fibers Fabr., 10.","DOI":"10.1177\/155892501501000204"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1109\/LPT.2018.2869553","article-title":"Tunable Optical Filter Based on Two Thermal Sensitive Layers","volume":"30","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Full\u00e9r, R. (1995). Neural Fuzzy Systems, Abo Akademi University."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-9958(65)90241-X","article-title":"Fuzzy sets","volume":"8","author":"Zadeh","year":"1965","journal-title":"Inf. Control."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bede, B. (2013). Fuzzy Inference. Mathematics of Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-35221-8"}],"container-title":["Sensors"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/17\/6331\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:14:00Z","timestamp":1760141640000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1424-8220\/22\/17\/6331"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["s22176331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s22176331","relation":{},"ISSN":["1424-8220"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1424-8220","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,23]]}}}