{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T23:03:50Z","timestamp":1773702230787,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation\u2014FAPESP","award":["2019\/05268-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/05268-8"]}]},{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation\u2014FAPESP","award":["2020\/12481-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020\/12481-7"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Building occlusions usually decreases the accuracy of boundary regularization. Thus, it is essential that modeling methods address this problem, aiming to minimize its effects. In this context, we propose a weighted iterative changeable degree spline (WICDS) approach. The idea is to use a weight function for initial building boundary points, assigning a lower weight to the points in the occlusion region. As a contribution, the proposed method allows the minimization of errors caused by the occlusions, resulting in a more accurate contour modeling. The conducted experiments are performed using both simulated and real data. In general, the results indicate the potential of the WICDS approach to model a building boundary with occlusions, including curved boundary segments. In terms of Fscore and PoLiS, the proposed approach presents values around 99% and 0.19 m, respectively. Compared with the previous iterative changeable degree spline (ICDS), the WICDS resulted in an improvement of around 6.5% for completeness, 4% for Fscore, and 0.24 m for the PoLiS metric.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22176440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T01:37:55Z","timestamp":1661823475000},"page":"6440","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Weighted Iterative CD-Spline for Mitigating Occlusion Effects on Building Boundary Regularization Using Airborne LiDAR Data"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0263-312X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato C\u00e9sar","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cartography, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, S\u00e3o Paulo 19060-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6498-5951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayman F.","family":"Habib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2050, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0104-9960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauricio","family":"Galo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cartography, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, S\u00e3o Paulo 19060-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"dos Santos, R.C., Galo, M., and Habib, A.F. 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