{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T06:19:30Z","timestamp":1777443570711,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61772180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61772180"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020BAB012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020BAB012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D plan of Hubei Province","award":["61772180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61772180"]}]},{"name":"Key R&amp;D plan of Hubei Province","award":["2020BAB012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020BAB012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper suggests a methodology (conception and principles) for building two-mode monitoring systems (SMs) for industrial facilities and their adjacent territories based on the application of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), Internet of Things (IoT), and digital twin (DT) technologies, and a set of SM reliability models considering the parameters of the channels and components. The concept of building a reliable and resilient SM is proposed. For this purpose, the von Neumann paradigm for the synthesis of reliable systems from unreliable components is developed. For complex SMs of industrial facilities, the concept covers the application of various types of redundancy (structural, version, time, and space) for basic components\u2014sensors, means of communication, processing, and presentation\u2014in the form of DTs for decision support systems. The research results include: the methodology for the building and general structures of UAV-, IoT-, and DT-based SMs in industrial facilities as multi-level systems; reliability models for SMs considering the applied technologies and operation modes (normal and emergency); and industrial cases of SMs for manufacture and nuclear power plants. The results obtained are the basis for further development of the theory and for practical applications of SMs in industrial facilities within the framework of the implementation and improvement of Industry 4.0 principles.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22176444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,30]],"date-time":"2022-08-30T01:37:55Z","timestamp":1661823475000},"page":"6444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["UAV and IoT-Based Systems for the Monitoring of Industrial Facilities Using Digital Twins: Methodology, Reliability Models, and Application"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yun","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China"}]},{"given":"Herman","family":"Fesenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Systems, Networks and Cybersecurity, National Aerospace University \u201cKhAI\u201d, 17, Chkalov Str., 61070 Kharkiv, Ukraine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5352-077X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vyacheslav","family":"Kharchenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Systems, Networks and Cybersecurity, National Aerospace University \u201cKhAI\u201d, 17, Chkalov Str., 61070 Kharkiv, Ukraine"}]},{"given":"Luo","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China"}]},{"given":"Ihor","family":"Kliushnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Systems, Networks and Cybersecurity, National Aerospace University \u201cKhAI\u201d, 17, Chkalov Str., 61070 Kharkiv, Ukraine"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4672-6400","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oleg","family":"Illiashenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Systems, Networks and Cybersecurity, National Aerospace University \u201cKhAI\u201d, 17, Chkalov Str., 61070 Kharkiv, Ukraine"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Morozova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Systems, Networks and Cybersecurity, National Aerospace University \u201cKhAI\u201d, 17, Chkalov Str., 61070 Kharkiv, Ukraine"}]},{"given":"Anatoliy","family":"Sachenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Intelligent Computer Systems, West Ukrainian National University, 11, Lvivska Str., 46009 Ternopil, Ukraine"},{"name":"Department of Informatics and Teleinformatics, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, ul. Malczewskiego 29, 26-600 Radom, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Felice, F., Baffo, I., and Petrillo, A. (2022). Critical Infrastructures Overview: Past, Present and Future. Sustainability, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/su14042233"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssci.2021.105383","article-title":"Governance and interdependencies of critical infrastructures: Exploring mechanisms for cross-sector resilience","volume":"142","author":"Sonesson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Saf. Sci."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"322","article-title":"Enabling technologies, application areas and impact of industry 4.0: A bibliographic analysis","volume":"42","author":"Bigliardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. 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