{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:08:43Z","timestamp":1783526923897,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior (CAPES)","award":["88887.684990\/2022-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.684990\/2022-00"]}]},{"name":"Programa de Excel\u00eancia Acad\u00e9mica (PROEX)\u2013CAPES","award":["88887.684990\/2022-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["88887.684990\/2022-00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several market sectors are attracted by the potential of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), such as delivery, agriculture, and cinema, among others. UAVs are becoming part of Internet of Things (IoT) networks in the development of autonomous and scalable solutions. However, these vehicles are gradually becoming attractive targets for cyberattacks. This study proposes the development of an efficient platform based on the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) protocol for UAV control and Denial-of-Service (DoS) detection embedded in the UAV system. For the efficiency test, latency, network and memory consumption on the platform were measured, in addition to the correlation between payload and delay time. The results of efficiency tests were collected for the three levels of quality of service (QoS). A strong correlation greater than 90% was found between delay and data size for all QoS levels, showing almost a linear proportion. In DoS detection, the best results were a true positive rate (TPR) of 0.97 with 16 features from the AWID2 dataset using LightGBM with Bayesian optimization and data balancing. Unlike other studies, the built platform shows efficiency for UAV control and guarantees security in the communication with the broker and in the Wi-Fi UAV network.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22176567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T03:55:38Z","timestamp":1662004538000},"page":"6567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Development of an Efficiency Platform Based on MQTT for UAV Controlling and DoS Attack Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9634-5617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro Marcos","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ave. Trabalhador S\u00e3o-Carlense, 400, S\u00e3o Carlos 13564-002, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henrique Bonini de Britto","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ave. Trabalhador S\u00e3o-Carlense, 400, S\u00e3o Carlos 13564-002, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9656-086X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus dos Santos","family":"Luccas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ave. Trabalhador S\u00e3o-Carlense, 400, S\u00e3o Carlos 13564-002, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0118-8952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Mailer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Statistics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, St. Roberto Sampaio Gonzaga, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9144-1535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex Sandro Roschildt","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Statistics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, St. Roberto Sampaio Gonzaga, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4758-2063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ad\u00e3o","family":"Boava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Informatics and Statistics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, St. Roberto Sampaio Gonzaga, Florian\u00f3polis 88040-900, Santa Catarina, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ave. Trabalhador S\u00e3o-Carlense, 400, S\u00e3o Carlos 13564-002, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0612-486X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isadora Garcia","family":"Ferr\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ave. Trabalhador S\u00e3o-Carlense, 400, S\u00e3o Carlos 13564-002, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0524-3274","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00falio C\u00e9zar","family":"Estrella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ave. Trabalhador S\u00e3o-Carlense, 400, S\u00e3o Carlos 13564-002, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6816-208X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalinka Regina Lucas Jaquie Castelo","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ave. Trabalhador S\u00e3o-Carlense, 400, S\u00e3o Carlos 13564-002, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.10.023","article-title":"Internet of Flying Things (IoFT): A Survey","volume":"165","author":"Zaidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. 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