{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T08:04:05Z","timestamp":1782547445820,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Machine learning (ML) has been widely used worldwide to develop crop yield forecasting models. However, it is still challenging to identify the most critical features from a dataset. Although either feature selection (FS) or feature extraction (FX) techniques have been employed, no research compares their performances and, more importantly, the benefits of combining both methods. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework that uses non-feature reduction (All-F) as a baseline to investigate the performance of FS, FX, and a combination of both (FSX). The case study employs the vegetation condition index (VCI)\/temperature condition index (TCI) to develop 21 rice yield forecasting models for eight sub-regions in Vietnam based on ML methods, namely linear, support vector machine (SVM), decision tree (Tree), artificial neural network (ANN), and Ensemble. The results reveal that FSX takes full advantage of the FS and FX, leading FSX-based models to perform the best in 18 out of 21 models, while 2 (1) for FS-based (FX-based) models. These FXS-, FS-, and FX-based models improve All-F-based models at an average level of 21% and up to 60% in terms of RMSE. Furthermore, 21 of the best models are developed based on Ensemble (13 models), Tree (6 models), linear (1 model), and ANN (1 model). These findings highlight the significant role of FS, FX, and specially FSX coupled with a wide range of ML algorithms (especially Ensemble) for enhancing the accuracy of predicting crop yield.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22176609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:19:01Z","timestamp":1662077941000},"page":"6609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Evaluation of Three Feature Dimension Reduction Techniques for Machine Learning-Based Crop Yield Prediction Models"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4765-4397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoa Thi","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Spatial Sciences Discipline, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia"},{"name":"Faculty of Surveying, Mapping and Geographic Information, Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3533-613X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph","family":"Awange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Spatial Sciences Discipline, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia"},{"name":"Geodetic Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Strasse 7, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7861-8079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Spatial Sciences Discipline, Curtin University, Perth 6102, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1007\/s11119-018-09628-4","article-title":"An approach to forecast grain crop yield using multi-layered, multi-farm data sets and machine learning","volume":"20","author":"Filippi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Precis. 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