{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T10:24:14Z","timestamp":1781259854099,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT), Korea","award":["IITP-2022-2017-0-01630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2022-2017-0-01630"]}]},{"name":"MSIT (Ministry of Science and ICT), Korea","award":["GCU-202205980001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202205980001"]}]},{"name":"IITP (Institute for Information &amp; communications Technology Promotion)","award":["IITP-2022-2017-0-01630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2022-2017-0-01630"]}]},{"name":"IITP (Institute for Information &amp; communications Technology Promotion)","award":["GCU-202205980001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202205980001"]}]},{"name":"Gachon University","award":["IITP-2022-2017-0-01630"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IITP-2022-2017-0-01630"]}]},{"name":"Gachon University","award":["GCU-202205980001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCU-202205980001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In tumor surgery, the edges of the tumor can be visually observed using a fluorescent contrast agent and a fluorescent imaging device. By distinguishing it from normal tissues and blood vessels, it is possible to objectively judge the extent of resection while visually observing it during surgery, and it guarantees safe tumor resection based on more information. However, the main problem of such an imaging device is the specular reflection phenomenon. If specular reflection overlaps with important lesion locations, they are a major factor leading to diagnostic errors. Here, we propose a method to reduce specular reflection that occurs during tumor diagnosis using a linear polarization filter and fluorescent contrast agent. To confirm the effect of removing specular reflection, a self-made fluorescein sodium vial phantom was used, and the reliability of the results was increased using a large animal (pig) test. As a result of the experiment, it was possible to obtain an image in which specular reflection was removed by controlling the rotation angle of the filter by 90\u00b0 and 270\u00b0, and the same results were confirmed in the phantom experiment and the animal experiment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22176651","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T04:18:32Z","timestamp":1662610712000},"page":"6651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Specular Reflection Suppression through the Adjustment of Linear Polarization for Tumor Diagnosis Using Fluorescein Sodium"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Sangyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Safety Convergence Sciences, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health and Environmental Convergence Sciences, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea"},{"name":"Medical Devices R&D Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21, 774 Beon-gil, Namdong-daero, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 38-13, 3 Beon-gil, Dokjom-ro 3, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kicheol","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Devices R&D Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21, 774 Beon-gil, Namdong-daero, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 38-13, 3 Beon-gil, Dokjom-ro 3, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jungmin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health and Safety Convergence Sciences, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health and Environmental Convergence Sciences, Korea University, 145, Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9714-6038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwang Gi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Devices R&D Center, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, 21, 774 Beon-gil, Namdong-daero, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 38-13, 3 Beon-gil, Dokjom-ro 3, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Gachon University, 191 Hambak-moero, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21936, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Gachon Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology (GAIHST), Gachon University, 38-13, 3 Beon-gil, Dokjom-ro 3, Namdong-gu, Incheon 21565, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"193","article-title":"Sodium fluorescein and cobalt blue filter coupled to a dental operating microscope to optimise root canal location in maxillary first molars","volume":"8","year":"2014","journal-title":"ENDO"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.12.160","article-title":"Diffusion tensor imaging with fluorescein sodium staining in the resection of high-grade gliomas in functional brain areas","volume":"124","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosmann, A., Millesi, M., Wadiura, L.I., Kiesel, B., Mercea, P.A., Mischkulnig, M., Borkovec, M., Furtner, J., Roetzer, T., and Wolfsberger, S. 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