{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T22:47:37Z","timestamp":1761864457662,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Centre for Research and Development as part of the program for defense and security of the state"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper discusses a method of diagnosing electromagnetic valves of injection systems in combustion engines. Based on multiple analyses of electrical quantities occurring in the course of the electromagnetic injector work and physical relationships between them, the quantities have been demonstrated on which the fluctuation of the electromagnetic force in the injector depends. Moreover, the results of its fluctuations have been mapped to the electric quantities controlling the fuel injector\u2019s work. The research has shown that the current and voltage waveforms contain information on electrical properties of the injector coil and its mechanical properties determining the injector\u2019s technical health as well as that of the fuel system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22186735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T04:18:32Z","timestamp":1662610712000},"page":"6735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Method of Fuel Injector Diagnosis Based on Analysis of Current Quantities"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3004-7956","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Wi\u0119c\u0142awski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Automotive and Construction Machinery Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 05-524 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4947-7742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Figlus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, 40-019 Katowice, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5460-5588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u0119drzej","family":"M\u0105czak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Automotive and Construction Machinery Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 05-524 Warsaw, Poland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2187-5776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Krzysztof","family":"Szczurowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Automotive and Construction Machinery Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 05-524 Warsaw, Poland"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.2478\/ntpe-2018-0060","article-title":"Analysis of Marine Piston Engine Injectors Dynamic State for the Non-Invasive Diagnostics Purpose","volume":"1","author":"Kluczyk","year":"2018","journal-title":"New Trends Prod. 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