{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T05:52:20Z","timestamp":1762321940865,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS\u2014UEFISCDI","award":["PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2021-1371","CNFIS-FDI-2022-0259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2021-1371","CNFIS-FDI-2022-0259"]}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay Jean D\u2019Alembert 2021 program","award":["PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2021-1371","CNFIS-FDI-2022-0259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2021-1371","CNFIS-FDI-2022-0259"]}]},{"name":"Romania National Council for Higher Education Funding, CNFIS","award":["PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2021-1371","CNFIS-FDI-2022-0259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PN-III-P1-1.1-TE-2021-1371","CNFIS-FDI-2022-0259"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Visible light communications emerges as a promising wireless communication technology that has been found suitable for numerous indoor and outdoor applications. In this article, a new in-vehicle VLC system is designed, implemented, and experimentally evaluated. The purpose of this new system is to provide car passengers with optical wireless communications. The proposed system consists of a VLC emitter integrated into the vehicle\u2019s ambient lighting system and a mobile VLC receiver. Unlike any previous works, this article proposes a VLC emitter in which the light from a 3 W LED is distributed on a 2 square meter surface using 500 optical fibers whose main purpose is a decorative one. The proposed prototype has been implemented on a car and evaluated in relevant working conditions. The experimental evaluation of the proposed system has demonstrated the viability of the proposed concept and showed a data rate of 250 kb\/s while providing a BER lower than 10\u22127. As far as we know, the proposed concept is totally new in the VLC literature, opening a new area of utilization for VLC technology: using VLC with optical fiber distributed light.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22186738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,8]],"date-time":"2022-09-08T04:18:32Z","timestamp":1662610712000},"page":"6738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["In-Vehicle Visible Light Communications Data Transmission System Using Optical Fiber Distributed Light: Implementation and Experimental Evaluation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4267-2919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u0103t\u0103lin","family":"Beguni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2200-6775","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alin-Mihai","family":"C\u0103ilean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania"},{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes de Versailles, Paris-Saclay University, 78140 V\u00e9lizy-Villacoublay, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sebastian-Andrei","family":"Av\u0103t\u0103m\u0103ni\u021bei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6378-7670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduard","family":"Zadobrischi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400027 Cluj-Napoca, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Stoler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2093-8659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mihai","family":"Dimian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation in Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, and Distributed Systems for Fabrication and Control, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"Popa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0867-4865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bastien","family":"B\u00e9chadergue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes de Versailles, Paris-Saclay University, 78140 V\u00e9lizy-Villacoublay, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Chassagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Ing\u00e9nierie des Syst\u00e8mes de Versailles, Paris-Saclay University, 78140 V\u00e9lizy-Villacoublay, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9819","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2792419","article-title":"A Comparative Survey of Optical Wireless Technologies: Architectures and Applications","volume":"6","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3204","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2913348","article-title":"Visible Light Communication: Concepts, Applications and Challenges","volume":"21","author":"Matheus","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. 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