{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T15:19:32Z","timestamp":1777389572945,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acne detection, utilizing prior knowledge to diagnose acne severity, number or position through facial images, plays a very important role in medical diagnoses and treatment for patients with skin problems. Recently, deep learning algorithms were introduced in acne detection to improve detection precision. However, it remains challenging to diagnose acne based on the facial images of patients due to the complex context and special application scenarios. Here, we provide an ensemble neural network composed of two modules: (1) a classification module aiming to calculate the acne severity and number; (2) a localization module aiming to calculate the detection boxes. This ensemble model could precisely predict the acne severity, number, and position simultaneously, and could be an effective tool to help the patient self-test and assist the doctor in the diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22186828","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T04:05:41Z","timestamp":1663041941000},"page":"6828","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Acne Detection by Ensemble Neural Networks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8319-2858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianyi","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nanjing MetaEntropy Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210030, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"100134","article-title":"Deep learning in computer vision: A critical review of emerging techniques and application scenarios","volume":"6","author":"Chai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mach. 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