{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:09:49Z","timestamp":1760231389469,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]],"date-time":"2022-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UK Research and Innovation - STFC","award":["ST\/N002911\/1","ST\/N000463\/1","ST\/N001125\/1","ST\/P005888\/1","654168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST\/N002911\/1","ST\/N000463\/1","ST\/N001125\/1","ST\/P005888\/1","654168"]}]},{"name":"Birmingham Particle Physics Consolidated","award":["ST\/N002911\/1","ST\/N000463\/1","ST\/N001125\/1","ST\/P005888\/1","654168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST\/N002911\/1","ST\/N000463\/1","ST\/N001125\/1","ST\/P005888\/1","654168"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ST\/N002911\/1","ST\/N000463\/1","ST\/N001125\/1","ST\/P005888\/1","654168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ST\/N002911\/1","ST\/N000463\/1","ST\/N001125\/1","ST\/P005888\/1","654168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this paper, we describe DECAL, a prototype Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (MAPS) device designed to demonstrate the feasibility of both digital calorimetry and reconfigurability in ASICs for particle physics. The goal of this architecture is to help reduce the development and manufacturing costs of detectors for future colliders by developing a chip that can operate both as a digital silicon calorimeter and a tracking chip. The prototype sensor consists of a matrix of 64 \u00d7 64 55 \u03bcm pixels, and provides a readout at 40 MHz of the number of particles which have struck the matrix in the preceding 25 ns. It can be configured to report this as a total sum across the sensor (equivalent to the pad of an analogue calorimeter) or the sum per column (equivalent to a traditional strip detector). The design and operation of the sensor are described, and the results of chip characterisation are reported and compared to simulations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22186848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T04:05:41Z","timestamp":1663041941000},"page":"6848","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["DECAL: A Reconfigurable Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor for Tracking and Calorimetry in a 180 nm Image Sensor Process"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7303-2570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philip Patrick","family":"Allport","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1887-2686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seddik","family":"Benhammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK"}]},{"given":"Robert Ross","family":"Bosley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0683-9910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Dopke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2984-6224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucian","family":"Fasselt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Flynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4919-0808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Gonella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Guerrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK"}]},{"given":"Cigdem","family":"Issever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany"}]},{"given":"Kostas","family":"Nikolopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6145-7467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ioannis","family":"Kopsalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Philips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Price","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0232-6966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iain","family":"Sedgwick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Villani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK"}]},{"given":"Matt","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK"}]},{"given":"Nigel","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5074-0539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannsjorg","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Physics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Newtonstrasse 15, D-12489 Berlin, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2166-7157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alasdair","family":"Winter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5552-0842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fergus","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Worm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Platanenallee 6, D-15738 Zeuthen, Germany"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6069-1398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhige","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9002(02)01490-0","article-title":"ATLAS calorimetry","volume":"494","author":"Puzo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nucl. 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