{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:10:22Z","timestamp":1760231422037,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The increasingly widespread occurrences of fast-changing loads, as in, for example, the charging of electrical vehicles and the stochastic output of PV generating facilities, are causing imbalances between generated and consumed power flows. The deviations in voltage cause noteworthy technical problems. The tap-changers in today\u2019s transformers are slow-reacting and thus cannot effectively correct the imbalance. Tap-changers should be replaced by special appliances, installed in distribution lines, that can effectively estimate voltage RMS and refine imbalances during a fraction of the AC period, preferably less than half. This article suggests specially developed methods for RMS assessment based on approximating instantaneous voltage magnitudes using harmonics and correcting coefficients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22186892","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T22:37:28Z","timestamp":1663108648000},"page":"6892","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Voltage RMS Estimation during a Fraction of the AC Period"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Ido","family":"Amiel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical\/Electronic Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"}]},{"given":"Zekharya","family":"Danin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical\/Electronic Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7487-1819","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moshe","family":"Sitbon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical\/Electronic Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9412-3786","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moshe","family":"Averbukh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical\/Electronic Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Keddar, M., Doumbia, M.L., Belmokhtar, K., and Krachai, M.D. (2022). 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