{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T11:53:51Z","timestamp":1774698831298,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663113600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R44HD086953"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R44HD086953"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD06274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD06274"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90REGE0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90REGE0005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"National Institute of Disability and Rehabilitation Research Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Rehabilitation Robotics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R44HD086953"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R44HD086953"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"National Institute of Disability and Rehabilitation Research Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Rehabilitation Robotics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HD06274"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HD06274"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"National Institute of Disability and Rehabilitation Research Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Rehabilitation Robotics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90REGE0005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90REGE0005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>After stroke, many people substantially reduce use of their impaired hand in daily life, even if they retain even a moderate level of functional hand ability. Here, we tested whether providing real-time, wearable feedback on the number of achieved hand movements, along with a daily goal, can help people increase hand use intensity. Twenty participants with chronic stroke wore the Manumeter, a novel magnetic wristwatch\/ring system that counts finger and wrist movements. We randomized them to wear the device for three weeks with (feedback group) or without (control group) real-time hand count feedback and a daily goal. Participants in the control group used the device as a wristwatch, but it still counted hand movements. We found that the feedback group wore the Manumeter significantly longer (11.2 \u00b1 1.3 h\/day) compared to the control group (10.1 \u00b1 1.1 h\/day). The feedback group also significantly increased their hand counts over time (p = 0.012, slope = 9.0 hand counts\/hour per day, which amounted to ~2000 additional counts per day by study end), while the control group did not (p-value = 0.059; slope = 4.87 hand counts\/hour per day). There were no significant differences between groups in any clinical measures of hand movement ability that we measured before and after the feedback period, although several of these measures improved over time. Finally, we confirmed that the previously reported threshold relationship between hand functional capacity and daily use was stable over three weeks, even in the presence of feedback, and established the minimal detectable change for hand count intensity, which is about 30% of average daily intensity. These results suggest that disuse of the hand after stroke is temporarily modifiable with wearable feedback, but do not support that a 3-week intervention of wearable hand count feedback provides enduring therapeutic gains.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22186938","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T23:16:36Z","timestamp":1663197396000},"page":"6938","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Providing Real-Time Wearable Feedback to Increase Hand Use after Stroke: A Randomized, Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Diogo","family":"Schwerz de Lucena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"AE Studio, Venice, CA 90291, USA"},{"name":"CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasilia 70040-020, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Justin B.","family":"Rowe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flint Rehabilitation Devices, Irvine, CA 92614, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8041-9220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shusuke","family":"Okita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"}]},{"given":"Vicky","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation Services, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"}]},{"given":"Steven C.","family":"Cramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3196-8706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David J.","family":"Reinkensmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e56","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000659","article-title":"Heart disease and stroke statistics\u20142019 update: A report from the American heart association","volume":"139","author":"Benjamin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000170706.13595.4f","article-title":"Factors Influencing Stroke Survivors\u2019 Quality of Life During Subacute Recovery","volume":"36","author":"Clark","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Santisteban, L., T\u00e9r\u00e9metz, M., Bleton, J.-P., Baron, J.-C., Maier, M.A., and Lindberg, P.G. 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