{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T18:46:47Z","timestamp":1772477207536,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"18","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]],"date-time":"2022-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Regional Operational Programme for Opolskie Voivodeship 2014\u20132020","award":["RPOP.01.01.00-16-0007\/16"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RPOP.01.01.00-16-0007\/16"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The article presents the use of barometric sensors to precisely determine the altitude of a flying object. The sensors are arranged in a hexahedral spatial arrangement with appropriately spaced air inlets. Thanks to the solution used, the range of measurement uncertainty can be reduced, resulting in a lower probability of error during measurement by improving the accuracy of estimation. The paper also describes the use of pressure sensors in complex Tracking Vertical Velocity and Height systems, integrating different types of sensors to highlight the importance of this single parameter. The solution can find application in computational systems using different types of data in Kalman filters. The impact of pressure measurements in a geometric system with different spatial orientations of sensors is also presented. In order to compensate for local pressure differences, e.g., in the form of side wind gusts, an additional reference sensor was used, making the developed solution relevant for applications such as industrial ones.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22187060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,19]],"date-time":"2022-09-19T04:49:22Z","timestamp":1663562962000},"page":"7060","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Improvement of Baro Sensors Matrix for Altitude Estimation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3555-7725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"Nagi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, Pr\u00f3szkowska 76 Street, 45-758 Opole, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9330-4369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaros\u0142aw","family":"Zygarlicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, Pr\u00f3szkowska 76 Street, 45-758 Opole, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8210-9776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech P.","family":"Hunek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, Pr\u00f3szkowska 76 Street, 45-758 Opole, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2344-8612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Majewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, Pr\u00f3szkowska 76 Street, 45-758 Opole, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3407-6818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"M\u0142otek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MovieBird International, 45-667 Opole, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2415-3418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Warmuzek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MovieBird International, 45-667 Opole, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2293-6462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Witkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, Pr\u00f3szkowska 76 Street, 45-758 Opole, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9421-4277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Zmarz\u0142y","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology, Pr\u00f3szkowska 76 Street, 45-758 Opole, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63049","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3183072","article-title":"Deep Learning-Based Multifloor Indoor Tracking Scheme Using Smartphone Sensors","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davidson, P., Virekunnas, H., Sharma, D., Pich\u00e9, R., and Cronin, N. 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