{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:10:30Z","timestamp":1760231430085,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005073","name":"Challengeable Future Defense Technology Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["912906601"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["912906601"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005073","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Wi-Fi fingerprinting is the most popular indoor positioning method today, representing received signal strength (RSS) values as vector-type fingerprints. Passive fingerprinting, unlike the active fingerprinting method, has the advantage of being able to track location without user participation by utilizing the signals that are naturally emitted from the user\u2019s smartphone. However, since signals are generated depending on the user\u2019s network usage patterns, there is a problem in that data are irregularly collected according to the patterns. Therefore, this paper proposes an adaptive algorithm that shows stable tracking performances for fingerprints generated at irregular time intervals. The accuracy and stability of the proposed tracking method were verified by experiments conducted in three scenarios. Through the proposed method, it is expected that the stability of indoor positioning and the quality of location-based services will improve.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197124","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]],"date-time":"2022-09-21T00:08:09Z","timestamp":1663718889000},"page":"7124","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Adaptive User Tracking Algorithm Using Irregular Data Frames for Passive Fingerprint Positioning"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7438-9990","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donghyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1404-3696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyuho","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dongsoo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computing, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1109\/PROC.1973.9030","article-title":"The viterbi algorithm","volume":"61","author":"Forney","year":"1973","journal-title":"Proc. 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