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Chromophores, such as hemoglobin and melanin, characterize skin spectral properties, allowing the classification of lesions into different etiologies. Hyperspectral imaging systems gather skin-reflected and transmitted light into several wavelength ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum, enabling potential skin-lesion differentiation through machine learning algorithms. Challenged by data availability and tiny inter and intra-tumoral variability, here we introduce a pipeline based on deep neural networks to diagnose hyperspectral skin cancer images, targeting a handheld device equipped with a low-power graphical processing unit for routine clinical testing. Enhanced by data augmentation, transfer learning, and hyperparameter tuning, the proposed architectures aim to meet and improve the well-known dermatologist-level detection performances concerning both benign-malignant and multiclass classification tasks, being able to diagnose hyperspectral data considering real-time constraints. Experiments show 87% sensitivity and 88% specificity for benign-malignant classification and specificity above 80% for the multiclass scenario. AUC measurements suggest classification performance improvement above 90% with adequate thresholding. Concerning binary segmentation, we measured skin DICE and IOU higher than 90%. We estimated 1.21 s, at most, consuming 5 Watts to segment the epidermal lesions with the U-Net++ architecture, meeting the imposed time limit. Hence, we can diagnose hyperspectral epidermal data assuming real-time constraints.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T23:07:55Z","timestamp":1663888075000},"page":"7139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Neural Networks-Based On-Site Dermatologic Diagnosis through Hyperspectral Epidermal Images"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3724-8213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"La Salvia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8437-8227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Torti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4287-3200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9794-490X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Himar","family":"Fabelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7519-954X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"},{"name":"Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research (Nofima), 6122 Troms\u00f8, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2028-0858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco","family":"Balea-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Sociology and Social Work, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7835-9660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Martinez-Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Casta\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negr\u00edn, Barranco de la Ballena, s\/n, 35010 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Avenida Maritima del Sur, s\/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregorio","family":"Carretero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negr\u00edn, Barranco de la Ballena, s\/n, 35010 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier A.","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil, Avenida Maritima del Sur, s\/n, 35016 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3784-5504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gustavo M.","family":"Callico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Applied Microelectronics (IUMA), University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (ULPGC), 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Leporati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Computer and Biomedical Engineering, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33588","article-title":"Cancer Statistics for the Year 2020: An Overview","volume":"149","author":"Ferlay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. 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