{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T12:06:47Z","timestamp":1778846807007,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"JST FOREST Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJFR202A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJFR202A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A wirelessly powered four-channel neurostimulator was developed for applying selective Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) to four peripheral nerves to control the ankle and knee joints of a rat. The power of the neurostimulator was wirelessly supplied from a transmitter device, and the four nerves were connected to the receiver device, which controlled the ankle and knee joints in the rat. The receiver device had functions to detect the frequency of the transmitter signal from the transmitter coil. The stimulation site of the nerves was selected according to the frequency of the transmitter signal. The rat toe position was controlled by changing the angles of the ankle and knee joints. The joint angles were controlled by the stimulation current applied to each nerve independently. The stimulation currents were adjusted by the Proportional Integral Differential (PID) and feed-forward control method through a visual feedback control system, and the walking trajectory of a rat\u2019s hind leg was reconstructed. This study contributes to controlling the multiple joints of a leg and reconstructing functional motions such as walking using the robotic control technology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]],"date-time":"2022-09-22T23:07:55Z","timestamp":1663888075000},"page":"7198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["A Wirelessly Powered 4-Channel Neurostimulator for Reconstructing Walking Trajectory"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9304-4667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masaru","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3604-215X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsuhiro","family":"Tokutake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Enhancement and Hand Surgery, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keita","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naoyuki","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7860-0725","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tadayoshi","family":"Aoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sota","family":"Saeki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Enhancement and Hand Surgery, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1521-0038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeru","family":"Kurimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Enhancement and Hand Surgery, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Hirata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Enhancement and Hand Surgery, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9917-098X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuhisa","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Micro-Nano Mechanical Science and Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)30601-3","article-title":"Restoration of reaching and grasping movements through brain-controlled muscle stimulation in a person with tetraplegia: A proof-of-concept demonstration","volume":"389","author":"Ajiboye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17435","article-title":"Restoring cortical control of functional movement in a human with quadriplegia","volume":"533","author":"Bouton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2014.01.028","article-title":"Implanted neuroprosthesis for restoring arm and hand function in people with high level tetraplegia","volume":"95","author":"Memberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch. 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