{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T10:11:15Z","timestamp":1760609475814,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"US Department of Energy Basic Energy Research (DOE-BER)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-SC0020346","FWP 74562","FWP 74915","NIH\/NIGMS T32 GM066706","CHE-1904600","IOS-2048410","DE-AC05-76RL01830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0020346","FWP 74562","FWP 74915","NIH\/NIGMS T32 GM066706","CHE-1904600","IOS-2048410","DE-AC05-76RL01830"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000015","name":"US Department of Energy (DOE)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-SC0020346","FWP 74562","FWP 74915","NIH\/NIGMS T32 GM066706","CHE-1904600","IOS-2048410","DE-AC05-76RL01830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0020346","FWP 74562","FWP 74915","NIH\/NIGMS T32 GM066706","CHE-1904600","IOS-2048410","DE-AC05-76RL01830"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000015","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"US national Institute of Health (NIH) Chemistry-Biology Interface (CBI)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-SC0020346","FWP 74562","FWP 74915","NIH\/NIGMS T32 GM066706","CHE-1904600","IOS-2048410","DE-AC05-76RL01830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0020346","FWP 74562","FWP 74915","NIH\/NIGMS T32 GM066706","CHE-1904600","IOS-2048410","DE-AC05-76RL01830"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"US National Science Foundation (NSF)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DE-SC0020346","FWP 74562","FWP 74915","NIH\/NIGMS T32 GM066706","CHE-1904600","IOS-2048410","DE-AC05-76RL01830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0020346","FWP 74562","FWP 74915","NIH\/NIGMS T32 GM066706","CHE-1904600","IOS-2048410","DE-AC05-76RL01830"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science Foundation (NSF) Plant Genome Program","award":["DE-SC0020346","FWP 74562","FWP 74915","NIH\/NIGMS T32 GM066706","CHE-1904600","IOS-2048410","DE-AC05-76RL01830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0020346","FWP 74562","FWP 74915","NIH\/NIGMS T32 GM066706","CHE-1904600","IOS-2048410","DE-AC05-76RL01830"]}]},{"name":"Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, a DOE Office of Science User Facility sponsored by the Biological and Environmental Research program","award":["DE-SC0020346","FWP 74562","FWP 74915","NIH\/NIGMS T32 GM066706","CHE-1904600","IOS-2048410","DE-AC05-76RL01830"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DE-SC0020346","FWP 74562","FWP 74915","NIH\/NIGMS T32 GM066706","CHE-1904600","IOS-2048410","DE-AC05-76RL01830"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Semiconducting polymer dots (Pdots) are rapidly becoming one of the most studied nanoparticles in fluorescence bioimaging and sensing. Their small size, high brightness, and resistance to photobleaching make them one of the most attractive fluorophores for fluorescence imaging and sensing applications. This paper highlights our recent advances in fluorescence bioimaging and sensing with nanoscale luminescent Pdots, specifically the use of organic dyes as dopant molecules to modify the optical properties of Pdots to enable deep red and near infrared fluorescence bioimaging applications and to impart sensitivity of dye doped Pdots towards selected analytes. Building on our earlier work, we report the formation of secondary antibody-conjugated Pdots and provide Cryo-TEM evidence for their formation. We demonstrate the selective targeting of the antibody-conjugated Pdots to FLAG-tagged FLS2 membrane receptors in genetically engineered plant leaf cells. We also report the formation of a new class of luminescent Pdots with emission wavelengths of around 1000 nm. Finally, we demonstrate the formation and utility of oxygen sensing Pdots in aqueous media.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T03:34:17Z","timestamp":1664163257000},"page":"7218","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Near Infrared Emitting Semiconductor Polymer Dots for Bioimaging and Sensing"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2353-2459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Connor","family":"Riahin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kushani","family":"Mendis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brandon","family":"Busick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6468-6900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Ptaszek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mengran","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Stacey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisions of Plant Sciences and Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9282-5015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amar","family":"Parvate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7721-4782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James E.","family":"Evans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA"},{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremiah","family":"Traeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3974-2963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dehong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Galya","family":"Orr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory (EMSL), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6098-3932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeev","family":"Rosenzweig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.1021\/nn800590n","article-title":"Multicolor Conjugated Polymer Dots for Biological Fluorescence Imaging","volume":"2","author":"Wu","year":"2008","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"3087","article-title":"Highly Fluorescent Semiconducting Polymer Dots for Biology and Medicine","volume":"52","author":"Changfeng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Angew. 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