{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T17:27:24Z","timestamp":1770226044326,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]],"date-time":"2022-09-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["BK20210490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20210490"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["BK20201346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20201346"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["2020M681765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M681765"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["2020Z178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Z178"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["62272461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272461"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["BK20210490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20210490"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["BK20201346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20201346"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2020M681765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M681765"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["2020Z178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Z178"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","award":["62272461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272461"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds","award":["BK20210490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20210490"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds","award":["BK20201346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20201346"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds","award":["2020M681765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M681765"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds","award":["2020Z178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Z178"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds","award":["62272461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272461"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["BK20210490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20210490"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["BK20201346"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20201346"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020M681765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020M681765"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020Z178"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020Z178"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["62272461"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62272461"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Backscatter communication (BackCom) constitutes intriguing technology that enables low-power devices in transmitting signals by reflecting ambient radio frequency (RF) signals that consume ultra-low energy. Applying the BackCom technique in large-scale networks with massive low-power devices can effectively address the energy issue observed in low-power devices. Prior studies only consider large-scale BackCom networks equipped with omni-directional antennas, called Omn-BackCom Net. To improve the network\u2019s performance, we employ directional antennas in large-scale BackCom networks, called Dir-BackCom Nets. This article establishes a theoretical model for analyzing the performance of Dir-BackCom Nets. The performance metrics include both connectivity and spatial throughput. Our model is genaralized for both Dir-BackCom Nets and Omn-BackCom Net. The accuracy of our theoretical model is verified by extensive simulations. Results indicate that Dir-BackCom Nets can improve connectivity and spatial throughput. Moreover, results show that the throughput can be maximized by choosing an optimal density of BTs. In addition, both the connectivity and spatial throughput of BackCom Nets can be improved by choosing a directional antenna with a proper beamwidth and gain of the main lobe. Our theoretical model and results can offer beneficial implications for constructing Dir-BackCom Nets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T03:34:17Z","timestamp":1664163257000},"page":"7260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Modeling and Performance Analysis of Large-Scale Backscatter Communication Networks with Directional Antennas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5636-495X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiu","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221000, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2021.3095792","article-title":"Backscatter Wireless Communications and Sensing in Green Internet of Things","volume":"6","author":"Toro","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. 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