{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T02:52:49Z","timestamp":1775098369614,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["FPU 16\/00723"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU 16\/00723"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["PID2020-119744RB-C21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-119744RB-C21"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation","award":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Government","award":["FPU 16\/00723"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU 16\/00723"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Government","award":["PID2020-119744RB-C21"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-119744RB-C21"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Government","award":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Reinforced concrete structures\u2019 (RCSs) ageing and early deterioration are some of the main challenges faced by the building sector today, and steel bar corrosion is one of the main problems. In this phenomenon, water and concrete\u2019s electric resistivity play a fundamental role. Therefore, developing sensor systems capable of estimating any variations in these parameters in real time and remotely would represent considerable progress in sustainably maintaining RCSs. Many types of sensors capable of estimating humidity variation and electrical resistivity in concrete currently exist, but the variability of these sensors\u2019 sensitivity can be extreme depending on several factors; for example, temperature or presence of ions and their incorporation into smart monitoring systems, which is difficult. As an alternative to today\u2019s sensors, this study centered on developing two estimation models by means of the response of a novel voltammetric stainless steel (SS) sensor. The estimation models were one of humidity variation and another of concrete\u2019s electric resistivity. These models were calibrated, fitted and validated. In the validation, both these models explained a percentage of variance over 80%.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T03:30:37Z","timestamp":1664335837000},"page":"7279","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Estimation of Humidity Variation and Electric Resistivity in Hardened Concrete by Means of a Stainless Steel Voltammetric Sensor"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2136-5650","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Mart\u00ednez Ibern\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2457-9024","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep","family":"Lliso Ferrando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7036-4481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Gasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interuniversity Research Institute for Molecular Recognition and Technological Development (IDM), Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9967-1554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel","family":"Valcuende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Architectural Construction, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)1084-0680(2008)13:2(98)","article-title":"Sustainability of Concrete Construction","volume":"13","author":"Naik","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pract Period Struct Des. 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