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Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are considered one of the most threatening attack methods in the field of Internet security. In this paper, a space-time graph model is built to identify the key nodes in LSCNs, and a DDoS attack is adopted as the main means to attack the key nodes. The scenarios of two-satellite-key-node and multi-satellite-key-node attacks are considered, and their security performance against DDoS attacks is also analyzed. The simulation results show that the transmission path of key satellite nodes will change rapidly after being attacked, and the average end-to-end delay and packet loss are linearly related to the number of key-node attacks. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of the security performance of LSCNs under a DDoS attack and theoretical support for future research on anti-DDoS attack strategies for LSCNs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T03:30:37Z","timestamp":1664335837000},"page":"7286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Security Performance Analysis of LEO Satellite Constellation Networks under DDoS Attack"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China"},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Electronic Restriction, Hefei 230037, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1777-0242","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yihua","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China"},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Electronic Restriction, Hefei 230037, China"}]},{"given":"Zhi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China"},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Electronic Restriction, Hefei 230037, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7590-5902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yadi","family":"Zhai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China"},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Electronic Restriction, Hefei 230037, China"}]},{"given":"Qingsong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China"},{"name":"Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Electronic Restriction, Hefei 230037, China"}]},{"given":"Kang","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China"}]},{"given":"Linshuang","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei 230037, China"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3025","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2016.2615261","article-title":"Secure transmission in cognitive satellite terrestrial networks","volume":"34","author":"An","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE J. 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