{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T16:32:40Z","timestamp":1780763560799,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The paper presents research on a specific approach to the issue of computed tomography with an incomplete data set. The case of incomplete information is quite common, for example when examining objects of large size or difficult to access. Algorithms devoted to this type of problems can be used to detect anomalies in coal seams that pose a threat to the life of miners. The most dangerous example of such an anomaly may be a compressed gas tank, which expands rapidly during exploitation, at the same time ejecting rock fragments, which are a real threat to the working crew. The approach presented in the paper is an improvement of the previous idea, in which the detected objects were represented by sequences of points. These points represent rectangles, which were characterized by sequences of their parameters. This time, instead of sequences in the representation, there are sets of objects, which allow for the elimination of duplicates. As a result, the reconstruction is faster. The algorithm presented in the paper solves the inverse problem of finding the minimum of the objective function. Heuristic algorithms are suitable for solving this type of tasks. The following heuristic algorithms are described, tested and compared: Aquila Optimizer (AQ), Firefly Algorithm (FA), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (BOA) and Dynamic Butterfly Optimization Algorithm (DBOA). The research showed that the best algorithm for this type of problem turned out to be DBOA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197297","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T03:30:37Z","timestamp":1664335837000},"page":"7297","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Application of Heuristic Algorithms in the Tomography Problem for Pre-Mining Anomaly Detection in Coal Seams"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7255-6951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Brociek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics Applications and Methods for Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4971-5360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz","family":"Pleszczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics Applications and Methods for Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3850-8577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Zielonka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics Applications and Methods for Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1667-3328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agata","family":"Wajda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Energy and Fuel Processing Technology, 41-803 Zabrze, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8463-5075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salvatore","family":"Coco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronics and Informatics Engineering, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9384-7232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grazia","family":"Lo Sciuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical, Electronics and Informatics Engineering, University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125 Catania, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Mechatronics, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3336-5853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Napoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Ariosto 25, 00185 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Malczewski, K. 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