{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T19:03:27Z","timestamp":1771700607381,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"TAIF University Researchers Supporting Project","award":["TURSP-2020\/121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP-2020\/121"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An automotive supply chain includes a range of activities from the concept of the product to its final transfer to a customer and subsequent vehicle maintenance. The three distinct stages of this chain are production, sales, and maintenance. In many countries, automobile records are not available to the public and anyone who has access to the central database or government systems can tamper with these records. In addition, used vehicle maintenance and transfer histories remain unavailable or inaccessible. These issues can be overcome by incorporating state-of-the-art blockchain technology into automotive supply chain management. Blockchain technology uses a chain of blocks for distributed transfer and storage of information, creating a decentralized data register that makes records of any digital asset tamper-proof and transparent. In this paper, we implement a permissioned blockchain-based framework for secure and efficient supply chain management of the automobile industry. We employed Hyperledger Fabric; an enterprise-grade distributed ledger platform for developing solutions. In our solution, the blockchain is customized and private in order to ensure system security. We evaluated our system in terms of memory cost, monetary cost, and speed of execution. Our results demonstrate that only 346 MB of extra memory space is required for storing the automotive data of 1 million users, thus rendering the memory cost negligible. The monetary cost is insignificant as all open source blockchain resources are employed, and the speed of record update is also fast. Our results also show that the decentralization of the automotive supply chain using blockchain can implement system security with minor modifications in the established configuration of the web application database.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T01:23:16Z","timestamp":1664414596000},"page":"7367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Implementation of a Distributed Framework for Permissioned Blockchain-Based Secure Automotive Supply Chain Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0229-1003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saima","family":"Zafar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1963-9723","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Syed Faseeh Ul","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Lahore 44000, Pakistan"}]},{"given":"AlSharef","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, TAIF University, Taif 11099, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1996-7671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad Aziz","family":"Al-Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, TAIF University, Taif 11099, Saudi Arabia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7208-6374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasim","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, TAIF University, Taif 11099, Saudi Arabia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3849","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2012.752586","article-title":"Study of supply-chain management in the automotive industry: A bibliometric analysis","volume":"51","author":"Lannelongue","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. 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