{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T14:55:24Z","timestamp":1784040924523,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009157","name":"National Institute on Disability, Independent Living and Rehabilitation, Administration for Community Living of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["90REGE0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90REGE0004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009157","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Bando Fondazione di Sardegna 2022 e 2023\u2014Progetti di ricerca di base dipartimentali","award":["90REGE0004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["90REGE0004"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cerebral palsy, the most common childhood neuromotor disorder, is often diagnosed through visual assessment of general movements (GM) in infancy. This skill requires extensive training and is thus difficult to implement on a large scale. Automated analysis of GM performed using low-cost instrumentation in the home may be used to estimate quantitative metrics predictive of movement disorders. This study explored if infants\u2019 GM may be successfully evaluated in a familiar environment by processing the 3D trajectories of points of interest (PoI) obtained from recordings of a single commercial RGB-D sensor. The RGB videos were processed using an open-source markerless motion tracking method which allowed the estimation of the 2D trajectories of the selected PoI and a purposely developed method which allowed the reconstruction of their 3D trajectories making use of the data recorded with the depth sensor. Eight infants\u2019 GM were recorded in the home at 3, 4, and 5 months of age. Eight GM metrics proposed in the literature in addition to a novel metric were estimated from the PoI trajectories at each timepoint. A pediatric neurologist and physiatrist provided an overall clinical evaluation from infants\u2019 video. Subsequently, a comparison between metrics and clinical evaluation was performed. The results demonstrated that GM metrics may be meaningfully estimated and potentially used for early identification of movement disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197426","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]],"date-time":"2022-09-29T23:09:29Z","timestamp":1664492969000},"page":"7426","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Characterization of Infants\u2019 General Movements Using a Commercial RGB-Depth Sensor and a Deep Neural Network Tracking Processing Tool: An Exploratory Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5681-2444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diletta","family":"Balta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"HsinHung","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilaria Giuseppina","family":"Porco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Morozova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8783-6721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manon Maitland","family":"Schladen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA"},{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7276-5382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Cereatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Stanley","family":"Lum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5151-7403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ugo","family":"Della Croce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1177\/08830738211059686","article-title":"Clinical Phenotype of Cerebral Palsy Depends on the Cause: Is It Really Cerebral Palsy? 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