{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T05:04:50Z","timestamp":1764997490449,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Canada First Research Excellence Fund (CFREF)","award":["RGPIN-2014-4100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RGPIN-2014-4100"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Sensors"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The accuracy of land crop maps obtained from satellite images depends on the type of feature selection algorithm and classifier. Each of these algorithms have different efficiency in different conditions; therefore, developing a suitable strategy for combining the capabilities of different algorithms in preparing a land crop map with higher accuracy can be very useful. The objective of this study was to develop a fusion-based framework for improving land crop mapping accuracy. First, the features were retrieved using the Sentinel 1, Sentinel 2, and Landsat-8 imagery. Then, training data and various feature selection algorithms including recursive feature elimination (RFE), random forest (RF), and Boruta were used for optimal feature selection. Various classifiers, including artificial neural network (ANN), support vector machine (SVM), and RF, were implemented to create maps of land crops relying on optimal features and training data. After that, in order to increase the result accuracy, maps of land crops derived from several scenarios were fused using a fusion-based voting strategy at the level of decision, and new maps of land crops and classification uncertainty maps were prepared. Subsequently, the performance of different scenarios was evaluated and compared. Among the feature selection algorithms, RF accuracy was higher than RFE and Boruta. Moreover, the efficiency of RF was higher than SVM and ANN. The overall accuracy of the voting scenario was higher than all other scenarios. The finding of this research demonstrated that combining the features\u2019 capabilities extracted from sensors in different spectral ranges, different feature selection algorithms, and classifiers improved the land crop classification accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,10]],"date-time":"2022-10-10T03:07:28Z","timestamp":1665371248000},"page":"7428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["An Innovative Fusion-Based Scenario for Improving Land Crop Mapping Accuracy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Solmaz","family":"Fathololoumi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3060-9162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad","family":"Karimi Firozjaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Remote Sensing and GIS, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417853933, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0801-3546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asim","family":"Biswas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e261","DOI":"10.1002\/fes3.261","article-title":"Impacts of land use, population, and climate change on global food security","volume":"10","author":"Molotoks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Energy Secur."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75213-3","article-title":"The ongoing nutrition transition thwarts long-term targets for food security, public health and environmental protection","volume":"10","author":"Bodirsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. 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